Papal elections since 1276 have taken the form of conclaves, which are elections that follow a set of rules and procedures developed in (1059), (1274) and later papal bulls; observance of the conclave varied until 1294, but all papal elections since have followed relatively similar conclave procedures.

Although the cardinals have historically gathered at a handful of other locations within Rome and beyond, only five elections since 1455 have been held outside the Apostolic Palace.Baumgartner, Frederic J. (2003). ""I Will Observe Absolute and Perpetual Secrecy:" The Historical Background of the Rigid Secrecy Found in Papal Elections". Catholic Historical Review. Vol. 89, Issue 2. pp. 165–181. Twenty-eight papal elections have been held outside Rome, in: Terracina (1088), Cluny (1119), Velletri (1181), Verona (1185), Ferrara (October 1187), Pisa (December 1187), Perugia (1216, 1264–1265, 1285, 1292–1294, 1304–1305), Anagni (1243), Naples (1254, 1294), Viterbo (1261, 1268–1271, July 1276, August–September 1276, 1277, 1281–1282), Arezzo (January 1276), Carpentras/Lyon (1314–1316), Avignon (1334, 1342, 1352, 1362, 1370), Konstanz (1417) and Venice (1799–1800). Three elections moved between locations while in progress: the elections of 1268–1271, 1292–1294, and 1314–1316.

Papal elections Elections that elected papal claimants currently regarded by the Catholic Church as antipopes are italicized.

ElectionElected popeLocation Eligible electors ElectorsDuration San Pietro in Vincoli (Rome) 6 61 day San Pietro in Vincoli (Rome) 4 21 day Santa Lucia in Septisolio (Rome) –1 day Santi Pietro e Cesareo (Terracina)41 day Basilica di San Clemente (Rome)–– Santa Maria in Pallara (Rome)41 day Cluny Abbey (France)4– San Pancrazio (Rome)–1 day Santi Andrea e Gregorio (Rome)–– San Marco (Rome)41– Basilica of St. John Lateran (Rome)–– (Rome)–– San Cesareo in Palatio (Rome)431 day (Rome)–– Old St. Peter's Basilica (Rome)–1 day Old St. Peter's Basilica (Rome)–– Old St. Peter's Basilica (Rome)5*51 day (Rome)unknown–1 day (Verona)11– (Ferrara)–1 day (Pisa)81 day (Rome)3131– Septizodium (Rome)–212 ballots Palazzo delle Canoniche (Perugia)2– Septizodium (Rome)18– Septizodium (Rome)1210 (9 after one died)– (Anagni)108– (Naples)18102 days Viterbo Cathedral8895 days Palazzo delle Canoniche (Perugia)2118 or 19116 days Viterbo CathedralPalace of the Popes in Viterbo2019 (16 after two died and one left due to illness)1006 days at least 137 ballots Arezzo Cathedral–101 day 1 ballot Basilica of St. John Lateran (Rome)–14 days Palace of the Popes in Viterbo1291 day 1 ballot Palace of the Popes in Viterbo77178 days Palace of the Popes in Viterbo–13 (12 after one was imprisoned by a mob)– Palazzo delle Canoniche (Perugia)1815– Santa Sabina (Rome)1515 (9 after 6 died during an extremely hot summer)– Basilica of St. Mary Major (Rome)Santa Maria sopra Minerva (Rome)Palazzo delle Canoniche (Perugia)–10 (9 after one died, three others eventually left, leaving 6 who picked Celestine V, though the other 3 were recalled to consent)– Castel Nuovo (Naples)–1 day 3 ballots Basilica of St. John Lateran (Rome)–1 day 1 ballot Perugia Cathedral (Perugia)19 (15 after four left due to illness)– Carpentras CathedralDominican house in Lyon23– Palais des Papes (Avignon)24– Palais des Papes (Avignon)194 days Palais des Papes (Avignon)28252 days Palais des Papes (Avignon)–207 days Palais des Papes (Avignon)19– Old St. Peter's Basilica (Rome)2216– (Fondi)2221– Apostolic Palace (Rome)–21– Palais des Papes (Avignon)14– (Rome)–– (Rome)–– (Pisa)2611 days San Petronio Basilica (Bologna)173 days Konstanz Minster31 (cardinals)23 (53 including 30 prelates)2 days 2 ballots (Peñíscola)––– Santa Maria sopra Minerva (Rome)2019–Chambers, DS. 1978. "Papal Conclaves and Prophetic Mystery in the Sistine Chapel". Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, Vol. 41: pp. 322–326 Basel Münster–32 (among them only 1 cardinal)– Santa Maria sopra Minerva (Rome)24183 ballots Apostolic Palace (Rome)2015– Apostolic Palace (Rome)–18 (the favorite, Domenico Capranica, Cardinal of Fermo died shortly before the start of the conclave)4 days 2 ballots Apostolic Palace (Rome)–201 day 1 ballot Apostolic Palace (Rome)–18 (2 in pectore cardinals were not admitted to the conclave)3 days 3 ballots Apostolic Palace (Rome), Sistine Chapel2525– Apostolic Palace (Rome), Sistine Chapel23194 days Apostolic Palace (Rome)45 or 4739 (list)2 days 2 ballots Apostolic Palace (Rome)4438 (list)1 day 1 ballot Apostolic Palace (Rome), Niccoline Chapel31252 days Apostolic Palace (Rome)493911 days 12 ballots Apostolic Palace (Rome)4138 48 days Apostolic Palace (Rome), Cappella Parva–353 days 2 ballots Apostolic Palace (Rome), Cappella Paolina5449 (down to 45 at the end, including one death)72 days 61 ballots Apostolic Palace (Rome)5740 (37 at the beginning)5 days 2 ballots Apostolic Palace (Rome)5645 (43 at the beginning)9 days 3 ballots Apostolic Palace (Rome), Cappella Paolina5548 (40 at the beginning. 51 participated in total, but because of illness no more than 48 ever voted at once. 2 died during conclave.)103 days Apostolic Palace (Rome)–53 (48 at the beginning)20 days Apostolic Palace (Rome)–512 days Apostolic Palace (Rome)–42 3 days 3 ballots Apostolic Palace (Rome)67 (of a possible 70)547 days Apostolic Palace (Rome)655261 days Apostolic Palace (Rome)–563 days 3 ballots Apostolic Palace (Rome)–51 (52 entered, 2 died and one latecomer was admitted)21 days Apostolic Palace (Rome)6961 (list)19 days Apostolic Palace (Rome)6759 (list)9 days Apostolic Palace (Rome)69 or 70582 days 1 ballot Apostolic Palace (Rome)–5419 days Apostolic Palace (Rome) Apostolic Palace (Rome) Apostolic Palace (Rome) Apostolic Palace (Rome) Apostolic Palace (Rome) Apostolic Palace (Rome) Apostolic Palace (Rome) Apostolic Palace (Rome) Apostolic Palace (Rome) Apostolic Palace (Rome) Apostolic Palace (Rome) Apostolic Palace (Rome) Apostolic Palace (Rome) Apostolic Palace (Rome) Apostolic Palace (Rome) San Giorgio Monastery (Venice) 45 35105 days Quirinal Palace (Rome) 53 4927 days Quirinal Palace (Rome) 58 5036 days Quirinal Palace (Rome) 54 4551 days 83 ballots Quirinal Palace (Rome) 62 503 days 4 ballots Apostolic Palace (Rome), Sistine Chapel 64 613 days 3 ballots Apostolic Palace (Rome), Sistine Chapel 64 62 (list)5 days 7 ballots Apostolic Palace (Rome), Sistine Chapel 65 57 (list)4 days 10 ballots Apostolic Palace (Rome), Sistine Chapel 60 53 (list)5 days 14 ballots Apostolic Palace (Vatican City), Sistine Chapel 62 62 (list)2 days 3 ballots Apostolic Palace (Vatican City), Sistine Chapel 53 51 (list)4 days 11 ballots Apostolic Palace (Vatican City), Sistine Chapel 82 80 (list)3 days 6 ballots Apostolic Palace (Vatican City), Sistine Chapel 114 111 (list)2 days 4 ballots Apostolic Palace (Vatican City), Sistine Chapel 111 111 (list)3 days 8 ballots Apostolic Palace (Vatican City), Sistine Chapel 117 115 (list)2 days 4 ballotsGreeley, Andrew M. 2005. The Making of the Pope: 2005. Brown, Little. . Apostolic Palace (Vatican City), Sistine Chapel 117 115 (list)2 days 5 ballotsLyman, Eric J. (1 March 2013). "Vatican summons cardinals for conclave". USA Today. Retrieved 3 March 2013. Apostolic Palace (Vatican City), Sistine Chapel 135 133 (list)2 days 4 ballots

See also Conclave List of current cardinals

Notes

References

Literature Baumgartner, Frederic J. (2003). Behind Locked Doors: A History of the Papal Elections. Palgrave Macmillan. .