The 1965 Tour de France was the 52nd edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place between 22 June and 14 July, with 22 stages covering a distance of . In his first year as a professional, Felice Gimondi, a substitute replacement on the team, captured the overall title ahead of Raymond Poulidor, the previous year's second-place finisher.
Gimondi became one of only seven riders, the others being Alberto Contador, Vincenzo Nibali, Chris Froome and five-time Tour winners Jacques Anquetil, Eddy Merckx and Bernard Hinault to have won all three of the major Tours. Besides Gimondi's first tour and win, it was a first for other reasons: the 1965 Tour started in Cologne, Germany (the first time the Tour started in Germany, and only the third time it started outside France), and it was the first time the start ramp was used in time trials.
Jan Janssen, who won the points classification the previous year successfully defended his title; he won another points title in 1967 and the overall title at the 1968 Tour de France.
Julio Jiménez won two stages and his first of three consecutive mountains classification. Jiminez also won the mountains classification at the 1965 Vuelta a España – becoming one of (now) four riders to complete the Tour/Vuelta double by winning both races' mountains competitions in the same year.
Teams
The 1965 Tour started with 130 cyclists, divided into 13 teams of 10 cyclists. Each team had to include at least six cyclists with the same nationality. The Molteni–Ignis team was a combined team, with 5 cyclists from and 5 from .
The teams entering the race were:
–
Pre-race favourites Jacques Anquetil, who won the previous four Tours de France (1961–1964), did not participate in this tour. Cyclists in that time earned most of their income in criteriums, and Anquetil believed that even if he would win a sixth time, he would not get more money in those races.
This made Raymond Poulidor, who finished second in the previous Tour, the main favourite.
Other favourites were Italians Vittorio Adorni and Gianni Motta. Adorni had won the Giro d'Italia earlier that year, helped by his team-mate Felice Gimondi who finished third in his first year as a professional. Originally, Gimondi was not planning to start the 1965 Tour, but was asked to do so after several team-mates were ill.
Route and stages
The 1965 Tour de France started on 22 June, and had one rest day in Barcelona. The highest point of elevation in the race was at the summit of the Col d'Izoard mountain pass on stage 16.
+ Stage characteristics and winners Stage Date Course Distance Type Winner 1a22 June Cologne (West Germany) to Liège (Belgium) Plain stage 1b Liège (Belgium) Team time trial 223 June Liège (Belgium) to Roubaix Plain stage 324 June Roubaix to Rouen Plain stage 425 June Caen to Saint-Brieuc Plain stage 5a26 June Saint-Brieuc to Châteaulin Plain stage 5b Châteaulin Individual time trial 627 June Quimper to La Baule Plain stage 728 June La Baule to La Rochelle Plain stage 829 June La Rochelle to Bordeaux Plain stage 930 June Dax to Bagnères-de-Bigorre Stage with mountain(s) 101 July Bagnères-de-Bigorre to Ax-les-Thermes Stage with mountain(s) 112 July Ax-les-Thermes to Barcelona (Spain) Stage with mountain(s) 3 July Barcelona Rest day 124 July Barcelona (Spain) to Perpignan Plain stage 135 July Perpignan to Montpellier Plain stage 146 July Montpellier to Mont Ventoux Stage with mountain(s) 157 July Carpentras to Gap Stage with mountain(s) 168 July Gap to Briançon Stage with mountain(s) 179 July Briançon to Aix-les-Bains Stage with mountain(s) 1810 July Aix-les-Bains to Le Revard Mountain time trial 1911 July Aix-les-Bains to Lyon Stage with mountain(s) 2012 July Lyon to Auxerre Plain stage 2113 July Auxerre to Versailles Plain stage 2214 July Versailles to Paris Individual time trial Total
Race overview
The race started in Germany, and the first stage, ending in Belgium, was won by Belgian Rik Van Looy. On the second stage, run over cobbles, three riders escaped: Bernard Vandekerkhove, Felice Gimondi and Victor Van Schil. Vandekerkhove won the stage, and became the new leader.
On the third stage, there was again a group away, including Gimondi and André Darrigade. Darrigade was one of the best sprinters of that time, so Gimondi knew he would not win if it would end in a sprint. Gimondi therefore escaped with one kilometre to go. Gimondi was able to stay away, and won the stage; it was the first victory in his professional career. Gimondi also took the lead in the general classification, represented by the yellow jersey; this made Gimondi a protected rider in his team because his sponsor wanted to keep the publicity associated with the yellow jersey as long as possible.
The second part of the fifth stage was run as an individual time trial. It was won by Raymond Poulidor, but Gimondi was second, and kept his lead. He had a margin in the general classification of over two minutes on Vandekerkhove, while his team leader Adorni was in third place.
In the seventh stage, Adorni fell. His team-mates, including Gimondi, waited for him and lost some time; because of this, Vandekerkhove took back the lead.
The ninth stage was the first Pyrenean stage, and during that stage eleven riders abandoned because of sickness. This included the leader of the general classification Vandekerkhove, and also Adorni. Rumours about doping that went wrong circulated, but nothing was ever proven. Gimondi became the leader of the general classification again, and because his team leader Adorni had left the race, he also became the undisputed leader of this team.
There were two more days in the Pyrenees, but these gave no big changes in the general classification. After stage eleven, Gimondi was still leading, with Poulidor in second place, more than three minutes behind. Poulidor expected that the inexperienced Gimondi would fail somewhere, and expected fourth-placed Motta to be his biggest rival. Poulidor announced he would attack on Mont Ventoux in stage fourteen.
During that stage, Poulidor showed his strength, and won. He had a big margin over Motta, but Gimondi had stayed surprisingly close, and kept the lead in the general classification with 34 seconds.
In the following Alp stages, Poulidor did not attack; he planned to take the lead in the mountain time trial of stage eighteen. But this was won by Gimondi, who thus increased his lead.
The only chance left for Poulidor to win back time was in the individual time trial that ended the race. Poulidor was a good time trialist, but Gimondi was fastest that day, and won the stage, and thereby the Tour de France.
Classification leadership and minor prizes
There were several classifications in the 1965 Tour de France, two of them awarding jerseys to their leaders. The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.
Additionally, there was a points classification. In the points classification, cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.
There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, but was not identified with a jersey.
For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that led this classification wore yellow caps.
In addition, there was a combativity award given after each stage to the cyclist considered most combative. The split stages each had a combined winner. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave "stars". The cyclist with the most "stars" in all stages lead the "star classification". Felice Gimondi won this classification. The jury gave Cees Haast the prize more most unlucky cyclist, because he lost his sixth place in the general classification after a fall, and the prize for most sympathetic cyclist to Gianni Motta, because he was always in a good mood and did not look for apologies after losing to Gimondi. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Lautaret on stage 17. This prize was won by Francisco Gabica.
+Classification leadership by stage Stage Winner General classification Points classification Mountains classification Team classification Combativity Bad luck award Award Classification 1a Rik Van Looy Rik Van Looy Rik Van Looy Frans Brands Frans Brands Frans Brands Peter Post 1b 2 Bernard Van De Kerkhove Bernard Van de Kerckhove Bernard Van de Kerckhove Felice Gimondi Felice Gimondi Edward Sels 3 Felice Gimondi Felice Gimondi Anatole Novak Georges Groussard 4 Edgard Sorgeloos Jozef Timmerman Jozef Timmerman 5a Cees van Espen Frans Brands Michel Nédélec 5b Raymond Poulidor 6 Guido Reybrouck Guido Reybrouck Jo de Roo Frans Brands no award 7 Edward Sels Bernard Van de Kerckhove Edward Sels Désiré Letort 8 Johan de Roo Jo de Roo Roger Pingeon Jo de Roo Guido Reybrouck 9 Julio Jiménez Felice Gimondi Felice Gimondi Julio Jiménez Julio Jiménez André Foucher 10 Guido Reybrouck Jo de Roo Rik Van Looy Ferdinand Bracke 11 José Pérez Francés José Pérez Francés Felice Gimondi Georges Van Coningsloo 12 Jan Janssen Angelino Soler Ambrogio Colombo 13 Adriano Durante Hubert Ferrer Frans Brands Hubert Ferrer 14 Raymond Poulidor Jan Janssen Raymond Poulidor Felice Gimondi André Foucher 15 Giuseppe Fezzardi José Antonio Momeñe Rik Van Looy 16 Joaquim Galera Joaquim Galera Cees Haast 17 Julio Jiménez Frans Brands Cees Haast 18 Felice Gimondi Felice Gimondi no award 19 Rik Van Looy Henry Anglade Johny Schleck 20 Michael Wright André Darrigade Tom Simpson 21 Gerben Karstens Gerben Karstens Armand Desmet 22 Felice Gimondi no award Henri Duez FinalFelice GimondiJan Janssen Julio Jiménez Felice Gimondi Cees Haast
Final standings
General classification + Final general classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Time 1 116h 42' 06" 2 + 2' 40" 3 – + 9' 18" 4 + 12' 43" 5 + 12' 56" 6 + 13' 15" 7 – + 14' 48" 8 + 17' 36" 9 + 17' 52" 10 + 19' 11"