Events
Pre-1600 1027 – Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks. 1097 – The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade. 1264 – Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and forced to sign the Mise of Lewes, making Simon de Montfort the effective ruler of England. 1450 – A large Ottoman force begins the siege of Albanian rebel forces in Krujë, that ultimately will fail. 1465 – During the 1465 Moroccan revolution which overthrows the Marinid dynasty, the Jewish mellah is attacked by the population of Fez, though the extent of the massacre is debated. 1509 – Battle of Agnadello: In northern Italy, French forces defeat the Republic of Venice.Mallett, Michael; Shaw, Christine (2012). The Italian Wars, 1494-1559: War, State and Society in Early Modern Europe, Pearson, p. 89.
1601–1900 1607 – English colonists establish "James Fort", which would become Jamestown, Virginia, the earliest permanent English settlement in the Americas. 1608 – The Protestant Union, a coalition of Protestant German states, is founded to defend the rights, land and safety of each member against the Catholic Church and Catholic German states. 1610 – Henry IV of France is assassinated by Catholic zealot François Ravaillac, and Louis XIII ascends the throne. 1747 – War of the Austrian Succession: A British fleet under Admiral George Anson defeats the French at the First Battle of Cape Finisterre. 1796 – Edward Jenner administers the first smallpox inoculation. 1800 – The 6th United States Congress recesses, and the process of moving the Federal government of the United States from Philadelphia to Washington, D.C., begins the following day.; 1804 – William Clark and 42 men depart from Camp Dubois to join Meriwether Lewis at St Charles, Missouri, marking the beginning of the Lewis and Clark Expedition historic journey up the Missouri River. 1811 – Paraguay: Pedro Juan Caballero, Fulgencio Yegros and José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia start actions to depose the Spanish governor. 1832 – The Battle of Stillman's Run, the first battle of the Black Hawk War, is fought. 1836 – The Treaties of Velasco are signed in Velasco, Texas. 1842 – The first edition of The Illustrated London News, the world's first illustrated weekly news magazine, is published. 1857 – Mindon Min is crowned as King of Burma in Mandalay, Burma. 1863 – American Civil War: During the Vicksburg campaign, Union forces drive Confederates under Joseph E. Johnston out of Jackson, Mississippi in the Battle of Jackson. 1868 – Boshin War: The Battle of Utsunomiya Castle ends as former Tokugawa shogunate forces withdraw northward. 1870 – The first game of rugby in New Zealand is played in Nelson between Nelson College and the Nelson Rugby Football Club. 1878 – The last witchcraft trial held in the United States begins in Salem, Massachusetts, after Lucretia Brown, an adherent of Christian Science, accused Daniel Spofford of attempting to harm her through his mental powers. Reprinted in 2010 by Kessinger Publishing . 1879 – The first group of 463 Indian indentured laborers arrives in Fiji aboard the .
1901–present 1900 – Opening of World Amateur championship at the Paris Exposition Universelle, also known as Olympic Games. 1913 – Governor of New York William Sulzer approves the charter for the Rockefeller Foundation, which begins operations with a $100 million donation from John D. Rockefeller. 1915 – The May 14 Revolt takes place in Lisbon, Portugal.Gallagher, Tom (1983). Portugal: A Twentieth Century Interpretation. Manchester, England: Manchester University Press. 1918 – Cape Town Mayor, Sir Harry Hands, inaugurates the two-minute silence. 1925 – Mrs Dalloway, one of Virginia Woolf's earliest and best-known novels, is published.Shearn, Amy (2016-05-14). ""What a lark! What a plunge!": Celebrating Mrs. Dalloway". JSTOR. 1931 – Five unarmed civilians are killed in the Ådalen shootings, as the Swedish military is called in to deal with protesting workers. 1935 – The Constitution of the Philippines is ratified by a popular vote. 1939 – Lina Medina becomes the youngest confirmed mother in medical history at the age of five. 1940 – World War II: Rotterdam, Netherlands, is bombed by the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany despite a ceasefire, killing about 900 people and destroying the historic city center. 1943 – World War II: A Japanese submarine sinks off the coast of Queensland. 1948 – Israel is declared to be an independent state and a provisional government is established. Immediately after the declaration, Israel is attacked by the neighboring Arab states, triggering the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. 1951 – Trains run on the Talyllyn Railway in Wales for the first time since preservation, making it the first railway in the world to be operated by volunteers. 1953 – Approximately 7,100 brewery workers in Milwaukee perform a walkout, marking the start of the 1953 Milwaukee brewery strike. 1955 – Cold War: Eight Communist bloc countries, including the Soviet Union, sign a mutual defense treaty called the Warsaw Pact. 1961 – Civil rights movement: A white mob twice attacks a Freedom Riders bus near Anniston, Alabama, before fire-bombing the bus and attacking the civil rights protesters who flee the burning vehicle. 1970 – Andreas Baader is freed from custody by Ulrike Meinhof, Gudrun Ensslin and others, a pivotal moment in the formation of the Red Army Faction. 1973 – Skylab, the United States' first space station, is launched. 1977 – A Dan-Air Boeing 707 leased to IAS Cargo Airlines crashes on approach to Lusaka International Airport in Lusaka, Zambia, killing six people. 1980 – Salvadoran Civil War: The Sumpul River massacre occurs in Chalatenango, El Salvador. 1987 – Fijian Prime Minister Timoci Bavadra is ousted from power in a coup d'état led by Lieutenant colonel Sitiveni Rabuka. 1988 – Carrollton bus collision: A drunk driver traveling the wrong way on Interstate 71 near Carrollton, Kentucky, hits a converted school bus carrying a church youth group. Twenty-seven die in the crash and ensuing fire. 2004 – The Constitutional Court of South Korea overturns the impeachment of President Roh Moo-hyun. 2004 – Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark and Mary Donaldson are married at Copenhagen Cathedral. 2004 – Rico Linhas Aéreas Flight 4815 crashes into the Amazon rainforest during approach to Eduardo Gomes International Airport in Manaus, Brazil, killing 33 people. 2008 – Battle of Piccadilly Gardens in Manchester city centre between Zenit supporters and Rangers supporters and the Greater Manchester Police; 39 policemen injured, one police dog injured and 39 arrested. 2010 – Space Shuttle Atlantis launches on the STS-132 mission to deliver the first shuttle-launched Russian ISS component — Rassvet. This was originally slated to be the final launch of Atlantis, before Congress approved STS-135. 2012 – Agni Air Flight CHT crashes in Nepal after a failed go-around, killing 15 people. 2021 – China successfully lands Zhurong, the country's first Mars rover. 2022 – Ten people are killed in a mass shooting in Buffalo, New York.
Births
Pre-1600
1316 – Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1378) 1553 – Margaret of Valois, Queen of France (died 1615) 1574 – Francesco Rasi, Italian singer-songwriter, theorbo player, and poet (died 1621) 1592 – Alice Barnham, wife of statesman Francis Bacon (died 1650)
1601–1900 1630 – Katakura Kagenaga, Japanese samurai (died 1681) 1652 – Johann Philipp Förtsch, German composer (died 1732) 1657 – Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj, Indian(Maratha) emperor (died 1689) 1666 – Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia (died 1732) 1679 – Peder Horrebow, Danish astronomer and mathematician (died 1764) 1699 – Hans Joachim von Zieten, Prussian general (died 1786) 1701 – William Emerson, English mathematician and academic (died 1782) 1710 – Adolf Frederick, King of Sweden (died 1771) 1725 – Ludovico Manin, the last Doge of Venice (died 1802) 1727 – Thomas Gainsborough, English painter (died 1788) 1737 – George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney, Irish-English politician and diplomat, Governor of Grenada (died 1806) 1752 – Timothy Dwight IV, American minister, theologian, and academic (died 1817) 1752 – Albrecht Thaer, German agronomist and author (died 1828) 1761 – Samuel Dexter, American lawyer and politician, 4th United States Secretary of War, 3rd United States Secretary of the Treasury (died 1816) 1771 – Robert Owen, Welsh businessman and social reformer (died 1858) 1771 – Thomas Wedgwood, English photographer (died 1805) 1781 – Friedrich Ludwig Georg von Raumer, German historian and academic (died 1873) 1794 – Fanny Imlay, daughter of British feminist Mary Wollstonecraft (died 1816) 1814 – Charles Beyer, German-English engineer, co-founded Beyer, Peacock & Company (died 1876) 1817 – Alexander Kaufmann, German poet and educator (died 1893) 1820 – James Martin, Irish-Australian politician, 6th Premier of New South Wales (died 1886) 1830 – Antonio Annetto Caruana, Maltese archaeologist and author (died 1905) 1832 – Rudolf Lipschitz, German mathematician and academic (died 1903) 1851 – Anna Laurens Dawes, American author and anti-suffragist (died 1938) 1852 – Henri Julien, Canadian illustrator (died 1908) 1863 – John Charles Fields, Canadian mathematician, founder of the Fields Medal (died 1932) 1867 – Kurt Eisner, German journalist and politician, Prime Minister of Bavaria (died 1919) 1868 – Magnus Hirschfeld, German physician and sexologist (died 1935) 1869 – Arthur Rostron, English mariner, captain of the rescue ship Carpathia during the Titanic disaster (died 1940) 1872 – Elia Dalla Costa, Italian cardinal (died 1961) 1878 – J. L. Wilkinson, American baseball player and manager (died 1964) 1879 – Fred Englehardt, American jumper (died 1942) 1880 – Wilhelm List, German field marshal (died 1971) 1881 – Lionel Hill, Australian politician, 30th Premier of South Australia (died 1963) 1881 – George Murray Hulbert, American judge and politician (died 1950) 1885 – Otto Klemperer, German composer and conductor (died 1973) 1887 – Ants Kurvits, Estonian general and politician, 10th Estonian Minister of War (died 1943) 1888 – Archie Alexander, American mathematician and engineer (died 1958) 1893 – Louis Verneuil, French actor and playwright (died 1952) 1897 – Sidney Bechet, American saxophonist, clarinet player, and composer (died 1959) 1897 – Ed Ricketts, American biologist and ecologist (died 1948) 1899 – Charlotte Auerbach, German-Scottish folklorist, geneticist, and zoologist (died 1994) 1899 – Pierre Victor Auger, French physicist and academic (died 1993) 1899 – Earle Combs, American baseball player and coach (died 1976) 1900 – Hal Borland, American journalist and author (died 1978) 1900 – Walter Rehberg, Swiss pianist and composer (died 1957) 1900 – Cai Chang, Chinese first leader of All-China Women's Federation (died 1990) 1900 – Leo Smit, Dutch pianist and composer (died 1943) 1900 – Edgar Wind, German-English historian, author, and academic (died 1971)
1901–present 1901 – Robert Ritter, German psychologist and physician (died 1951) 1903 – Billie Dove, American actress (died 1997) 1904 – Hans Albert Einstein, Swiss-American engineer and educator (died 1973) 1904 – Marcel Junod, Swiss physician and anesthesiologist (died 1961) 1905 – Jean Daniélou, French cardinal and theologian (died 1974) 1905 – Herbert Morrison, American journalist (died 1989) 1905 – Antonio Berni, Argentinian painter, illustrator, and engraver (died 1981) 1907 – Ayub Khan, Pakistani general and politician, 2nd President of Pakistan (died 1974) 1907 – Johnny Moss, gambler and professional poker player, first winner of the World Series of Poker (died 1995) 1910 – Ne Win, Burmese army general and politician, 4th President of Burma (died 2002) 1914 – Gul Khan Nasir, Pakistani journalist, poet, and politician (died 1983) 1914 – William Tutte, British codebreaker and mathematician (died 2002)