This article lists political parties in the Netherlands. The country has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, and any one party has little chance of gaining power alone; parties work with each other to form coalition governments.

The lower house of the legislature, the House of Representatives, is elected by a national party-list system of proportional representation. There is a legal threshold of 1/150 for getting a seat, so a party can win a seat only with at least two-thirds percent (0.67%) of the national vote, roughly one seat for every 67,000 votes.

The first national political party was the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), founded in 1879.

No party has come close to winning a majority of seats since the introduction of proportional representation in 1918.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1412 All governments since then have been coalitions between two or more parties. However, there is a broad consensus on the basic principles of the political system, with all parties having to adjust their goals to some extent in order to have a realistic chance at being part of the government.

National political parties

Parties represented in the States General and/or European Parliament

Political party Main ideology Leader Affiliation Seats Eur. EP group Intl. Senators House reps. MEPs Democrats 66 Social liberalism Rob Jetten ALDE RE LI People's Party for Freedom and Democracy Conservative liberalism Dilan Yeşilgöz ALDE RE LI Andeweg, R. and G. Irwin Politics and Governance in the Netherlands, Basingstoke (Palgrave) p.49 Progressive Netherlands Progressivism Jesse Klaver Party for Freedom Geert Wilders ID PfE Merijn Oudenampsen (2013). "[ Explaining the Swing to the Right: The Dutch Debate on the Rise of Right-Wing Populism]". In Ruth Wodak, Majid KhosraviNik, Brigitte Mral. Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse. A&C Black. p. 191. Christian Democratic Appeal Christian democracy Henri Bontenbal EPP EPP JA21 Right-wing populism Joost Eerdmans ECR Forum for Democracy Right-wing populism Lidewij de Vos ESN Farmer–Citizen Movement Agrarianism Henk Vermeer EPP Christian Union Christian democracy Mirjam Bikker ECPM Denk Minority interests Stephan van Baarle Party for the Animals Animal welfare Christine Teunissen APEU The Left Reformed Political Party Christian right Chris Stoffer ECPM ECR Socialist Party Democratic socialism Jimmy Dijk ELA "Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe", published November 2008. Retrieved 18 November 2016: http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/ipa/05818.pdf 50Plus Pensioners' interests Jan Struijs EDP Volt Netherlands European federalism Laurens Dassen Volt Greens/EFA Independent Politics Netherlands Regionalism Auke van der Goot EFA New Social Contract Christian democracy Vacant EPP

Parties without representation in the States General or European Parliament Party Main ideology Leader Affiliation EU Int'l Bij1 Anti-capitalism Tofik Dibi Code Orange Direct democracy Dutch People's Union Neo-Nazism Constant Kusters Pensioners' interests Vacant Heart for Freedom Antivax Vacant Belang van Nederland Classical liberalism Jezus LeeftEvangelism Florens van der Spek LEF – For the New Generation Youth politics Daniël van Duijn Liberal Democratic Party Social liberalism Sammy van Tuyll Libertarian Party Right-libertarianism Tom van Lamoen EPIL LI More Direct Democracy Direct democracy Dorien Rookmaker EAFD Communist Party of the Netherlands Marxism–Leninism Rinze Visser IMCWP Nederland met een Plan Participatory democracy Kok Kuen Chan Pacifist socialism Vacant Party for the Republic Republicanism Bruno Braakhuis Party for Sports Health promotion Annemarie van Duivenboden Pirate Party Pirate politics Mark van TreurenLead candidate of the joint list Pirate Party and The Greens at the 2023 general election. PPEU PPI Political Party for Basic Income Universal basic income Sepp Hannen Trots op Nederland Conservative liberalism Sander van den Raadt Revolutionary Socialist Party Socialism Gwildor Sok Splinter Secularism Femke Merel van Kooten The Greens Green politics Mark van Treuren United Communist Party Communism Engel Modderman vandeRegio Regionalism Sent Wierda EFA

Regional and local political parties

European Netherlands

Regional parties Party Province Leader European affiliation Provincial council seats Frisian National Party Aant Jelle Soepboer EFA Groninger Interest — Hart voor Zuid-HollandRichard de Mos— Local Brabant — — Party for the North — Groningen: Party for Zeeland — — Strong Local Drenthe — —

Local parties

Party Municipality Main ideology LeaderConnect WageningenWageningenStudent politicsCato Vonk Forza! Netherlands Multiple Right-wing populismRalph CastricumThe Hague City Party The HagueProgressivismFatima Faïd Heart for The Hague The Hague Conservative liberalismRichard de MosIndependent Party of Alkmaar AlkmaarLocalismVictor Kloos Livable Rotterdam Rotterdam FortuynismRonald BuijtMaastricht: Open, Honest, Democratic MaastrichtStudent politicsBram van den BerkmortelStudent & StarterUtrechtStudent politicsLars van RooijStudent and City GroningenStudent politicsWieke van HeterenTechnology Students in Politics DelftStudent politicsJelle Stap

Water board parties Party Main ideology General Water Board Party Apoliticism Water Naturally Green politics

Defunct political parties

+ List of parties that have participated in elections for the House or European Parliament since 1918 Party Ideology Founded Dissolved Peak voteshare Actie Bouwman 1934 1940 0.57 Alliance for National Reconstruction 1933 1941 0.8 Anti-Revolutionary Party 1879 1980 Article 50 2012 2015 0.51 Catholic National Party 2.71 Catholic People's Party 1945 1980 31.88 Centre Democrats 1984 2002 2.46 Centre Party 1980 1986 0.83 Centre Party '86 1986 1998 0.40 Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Union 1926 1946 2.09 Christian Historical Party 1903 1908 Christian Historical Union 1908 1980 Christian Historical Voters' League 1897 1903 Christian Social Party 1907 1926 Communist Party of the Netherlands 1901 1991 10.56 Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (Marxist–Leninist) Communism 1964 1985 0.03 Communist Workers Organisation (Marxist–Leninist) Democratic Party 1921 1932 Democratic Socialists '70 1970 1983 5.33 Economic League 1917 1921 3.11 Entrepreneurs' Party 2015 2019 0.12 Europe Transparent Evangelical People's Party 1981 1991 0.69 Farmers' Party 1958 1981 4.77 Fatherland League Free Anti-Revolutionary Party 1898 1903 Free-minded Party Free-thinking Democratic League 1901 1946 9.06 Freedom Party 1946 1948 6.41 Frisian League 1898 1908 General Dutch Fascist League Fascism 1932 1934 General Elderly Alliance 1993 3.63 General League of Roman Catholic Electoral Associations 1904 1926 30.03Henk Krol List Progressive conservatism202020210.09 1921 1946 1.06 Independent Citizens' Party Independent Socialist Party Islam Democrats 2005 0.04 League of Christian Socialists League of Communists in the Netherlands League of Free Liberals 1906 1921 Liberal Party 1922 1925 Liberal State Party 1921 1946 9.26 Liberal Union 1885 1921 Livable Netherlands 1999 2007 1.61 Middenpartij voor Stad en Land Middle Class Party National Socialist Dutch Workers Party National socialism 1931 1941 0.02 National Socialist Movement Fascism 1931 1945 4.22 Nederlands Blok Neutral Party New National Party 1998 2005 New Right 2003 2007 Nida Nieuwe Midden Partij Nieuwe Wegen 0.14NLBeterHealthcare sector interests201920210.08 Pacifist Socialist Party 1957 1991 3.03Party for Human and Spirit / The New Human Spiritual left200820210.28 Party for Justice, Action and Progress Party for Neighbourly Love, Freedom and Diversity 2006, 2020 2010, 2022Party of the Future / The Party Party Joke party200220210.07 Peasants' League Pim Fortuyn List 2002 2008 17.00 Political Party of Radicals 1968 1990 4.80 Progressive Integration Party Radical League Ratelband List Reformatory Political Federation 1975 2003 Reformed Political League 1948 2003 1.77 Roman Catholic Party of the Netherlands 0.92 Roman Catholic State Party 1926 1945 29.64 Social Democratic Workers' Party 1894 1946 23.81 Social Democratic League Socialist PartyTogether for the Netherlands Right-wing populism202220230.05 Ubuntu Connected FrontUbuntuism201720210.02 Union 55+ Union of Actualists Actualism 1923 1928 Verbond tot Democratisering der Weermacht 0.51 VoorNederland 2014 2017 0.36 Workers Party of the Netherlands

See also Politics of the Netherlands List of ruling political parties by country Liberalism in the Netherlands Socialism in the Netherlands Christian democracy in the Netherlands Republicanism in the Netherlands Fascism in the Netherlands List of political parties in Aruba List of political parties in Curaçao List of political parties in Saba List of political parties in Sint Eustatius List of political parties in Sint Maarten

References

External links Documentation Centre for Dutch Political Parties (DNPP) at University of Groningen