The River Garnock (), the smallest of Ayrshire's six principal rivers,"River Garnock". Ayrshire Rivers Trust. Retrieved 13 May 2013. has its source on the southern side of the Hill of Stake in the heart of the Clyde Muirshiel Regional Park. About south of this starting point the stream tumbles over the Spout of Garnock, the highest waterfall in Ayrshire, once thought to be the river's origin. The river then continues, for a total length of around , through the towns of Kilbirnie, Glengarnock, Dalry and Kilwinning to its confluence with the River Irvine at Irvine Harbour.
The main tributaries are the Rye Water and Caaf Water, which join north and south of Dalry respectively, and the Lugton Water, which joins just south of Kilwinning.
Garnock Valley
"Glen Garnock" pertains specifically to the short, sometimes precipitous, section of ravine overlooked by the ruins of Glengarnock Castle north of Kilbirnie; whereas "The Garnock Valley" refers to a wider geographic area of North Ayrshire abutting Renfrewshire, which encompasses the former parishes of Beith, Dalry, and Kilbirnie.
Estuary
The largest estuary within Ayrshire has developed at the confluence of the Irvine and Garnock Rivers, behind the Ardeer Peninsula. This is one of the best examples of a bar-built estuary in the UK, and is the only major estuary between the Solway and inner Clyde. The majority of the estuary has been designated a SSSI, in recognition of its national importance for three bird species: eider, red-breasted merganser and the goldeneye). It is also a nationally important feeding ground for thousands of migrating birds during the spring and autumn. Otters and water voles live on the estuary as well as numerous breeding birds, including water rail, grasshopper warbler and sand martin. The Garnock-Irvine estuary is also a Wildlife Site.
Bogside Flats SSSI covers that include inter-tidal mudflats, salt-marsh and adjacent pasture land.
Places of interest
Clyde Muirshiel Regional Park is the source of the headwaters of the Garnock. Spout of Garnock is the highest waterfall in Ayrshire. Glengarnock Castle is a ruined keep standing on a remote rocky promontory overlooking the river, about north of Kilbirnie. Nether MillHume, John R. (1976). "A List of Ayrshire Entries in the Gazeteer". The Industrial Archaeology of Scotland. (or Nethermyln), in Kilbirnie, is a ruined watermill that leaves as its legacy the name of the local football team, Kilbirnie Ladeside, who originally played in a field beside the mill lade running from a weir on the river to the mill at the end of Knoxville Road. Dalgarven Mill still draws water from the Garnock to turn the restored undershot waterwheel. The mill complex, located off the A737 road north of Kilwinning, is now a tourist attraction with the mill building being home to the Museum of Ayrshire Country Life and Costume. Kilwinning Viaduct, on the former Lanarkshire and Ayrshire Railway, is now used by the Sustrans Garnock Valley Cycleway to get across the river. Eglinton Country Park was developed around the ancient Eglinton Castle Estate, home for 600 years to the Earls of Eglinton and Winton. In the River Garnock, some distance below Kilwinning Bridge in the Dirrans area in the vicinity of the old saw mill and close to where the lade to the mill started,Ness, J. A. (1969-70). Landmarks of Kilwynnyng. p. 61. was Saint Ninian's Isle, named after the saint who is otherwise mainly commemorated at Whithorn."Saint Ninian Placenames" . The Whithorn Trust. Retrieved 13 May 2013. It is now part of the river banking. Down river near the confluence with the Lugton Water were the "Mess John's Steps", stepping stones across the river as shown on the first edition of the 6 inch OS map. This term was used in the 17th century as a jocular, but derogatory, term for a minister, especially a Presbyterian one not appointed by the congregation. The term "mess" derives from "the mass". The name is thus effectively "The Minister's Steps". Between Ninian's Isle and the steps, just before the bend of the river, is an area named Cullim's Hole. Smith records in 1895 that an island called Ringen's Isle existed in the Garnock. This may have been named after Saint Ringen or Winning.Smith, John (1895). Prehistoric Man in Ayrshire. London: Elliot Stock. p. 61. Salmon generally arrive in the Garnock at the end of July, with the most productive part of the river being the stretch between Kilbirnie and Dalry."River Irvine". Trout and Salmon Fishing in Scotland. Retrieved 13 May 2013. Garnock Floods is a wildlife reserve of the Scottish Wildlife Trust in Kilwinning, enclosed between the railway line, Sandy Road and the river."Garnock Floods". Scottish Wildlife Trust. Retrieved 13 May 2013. One of two "lost loops" of the River Garnock ran through it and now only carries the Redburn to its confluence with the Garnock. Two sections of canal were dug in the 19th century at Nethermains and between Longford and Bogend to permit the drainage of two loops of the Garnock. Ardeer Factory, once the world's largest commercial explosives factory, is situated on a natural peninsula with the Firth of Clyde on its west side, the River Garnock to the east, and the mouth of the River Irvine to the south.Dolan, John E. (18 May 1998). "Alfred Nobel in Scotland". Nobelprize.org.
Tributaries
Pundeavon Burn Confluence from the right at Coordinates : The Pundeavon Burn drains from Pundeavon Reservoir and enters the Garnock just upstream of Kilbirnie Cross.
Paduff Burn Confluence from the right at Coordinates : The Paduff Burn is a small stream, known locally as Jock's Burn, which comes into play on the golf course at Kilbirnie Place Golf Club.
Powgree Burn Confluence from the left at Coordinates : The Powgree Burn rises on Cuff hillPont, Timothy; Dobie, James (ed.) (1876). Cunninghame, Topographized (1604-1608). John Tweed. p. 85. in the Gateside area, runs east of the old Speir's school, through Auchengree and Longbar then shortly after runs under Glengarnock railway station.
Pitcon Burn Confluence from the right at Coordinates : The Pitcon Burn cuts deep into the hillside causing the tree lined gully known as Swinlees Glen,"Dalry, Swinlees Glen; Report of excursion to". Glasgow Naturalist V: 72. 1913. a Nature Conservation Site, and enters the Garnock near its namesake Pitcon House.
Rye Water
Confluence from the right at Coordinates : The Rye Water drains from the area of Muirhead Reservoir and Camphill Reservoir and runs through the old village of Drakemyre to join the Garnock north of Dalry near Brownhill Junction on the main railway line. A ford across the river at Drakemyre is associated with the song "Comin' Thro' the Rye".
Putyan Burn
The Putyan Burn forms from a number of small burns, etc., such as the Baidland Burn from Baidland Hill and springs at Baidland Mill. It reaches its confluence with the Garnock at Putyan Cottage and the Lynn Holm, near the road junction for Ardrossan at the Kilwinning end of the town. It passes Broadlie House where a small weir or dam still exists as part of an abandoned 1892 hydroelectric scheme which provided the house with its own electricity."Dalry Paths". Ayrshire Paths. Retrieved 13 May 2013. The burn has its confluence with the Garnock near the Lovers' Bridge in Dalry.
Caaf Water
Confluence from the right at Coordinates : The Caaf Water drains from Caaf Reservoir"Caaf Water". Gazetteer for Scotland. Retrieved 13 May 2013. and soon passes the Michelin star rated Braidwoods Restaurant, before entering the Lynn Glen with its waterfall and finally enters the Garnock south of Dalry.
Bombo Burn Confluence from the left at Coordinates : The Bombo Burn is a small stream, only about in length, that runs across the north side of Bankhead Moss, a Special Area of Conservation"Bankhead Moss, Beith". Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Retrieved 13 May 2013. and joins the Garnock soon after passing through the Blair Estate: The delightfully landscaped grounds and gardens of the Estate contain a wonderful mixture of species trees and shrubs from all over the world. The Bombo Burn meanders gently for a mile through the gardens creating many natural beauty spots. The ancient yew tree recorded in the Domesday Book leans over the banks of the Bombo Burn presiding on the changes over the centuries.
Dusk Water Confluence from the left at Coordinates :
The Dusk Water is a stream that has its beginnings on Cuff Hill, near Beith, and runs through Barrmill to eventually join the Garnock upstream of Dalgarven.
Interesting places along its course, as well as several old watermills, are Giffin House, a large and handsome mansion-house, and Cleeves Cove, a system of caves in the Dusk Glen.
A couple of miles from the source of the Dusk, a sluice diverts water via a tunnel into the eastern end of the Roebank reservoir, which feeds the Muirdykes water treatment works supplying much of the Paisley area with drinking water.
Mills
Coldstream Mill is located on the south side of Cuff Hill. The grain mill can still operate today, albeit only for demonstration purposes, with water supplied from the scenic mill dam. Giffen Mill (or Barr Mill) is a ruined grain mill in the village of Barrmill. Blair Mill was a traditional corn mill for the large Blair estate in Dalry. It was probably built in the late 18th century and ceased to be used as a mill in the 1950s. Waterside Mill, lying downstream of the Dusk Glen, is now a residence.
Lugton Water
Confluence from the left at Coordinates : The Lugton Water, the largest tributary of the Garnock, runs from Loch Libo (395 feet above sea-level) in Uplawmoor, through Lugton and the parishes of Neilston, Beith, Dunlop, Stewarton and Kilwinning. The Lugton joins the Garnock below the tidal limit, shortly after passing through Eglinton Country Park, developed around the ancient estate of the Earl of Eglinton.
River Irvine Confluence at Coordinates :
The two main rivers of North Ayrshire, the Irvine and the Garnock, come together in the estuary at Irvine Harbour where they jointly enter the Firth of Clyde.
Major tributaries of the Irvine are the Glen Water, Cessnock Water, Kilmarnock Water (combined Fenwick and Craufurdland Waters), Carmel Water and Annick Water..
The Garnock and the Irvine
These rivers flow into the estuary, the Garnock being swelled by the Annick Water that has its confluence at the Dirrans in Kilwinning. The silt from these rivers has created the Bogside mudflats and the course of these rivers has been greatly altered over the centuries through both natural and man made influences.
A mining disaster On 20 June 1833 the surface of the Garnock was seen to be ruffled and it was discovered that a section of the river bed had collapsed into mineworkings beneath. The river was now flowing into miles of mineworkings of the Snodgrass, Bartonholm and Longford collieries. Attempts were made to block the breach with clay, whin, straw, etc. to no avail. The miners had been safely brought to the surface and were able to witness the sight of the river standing dry for nearly a mile downstream, with fish jumping about in all directions. The tide brought in sufficient water to complete the flooding of the workings and the river level returned to normal. The weight of the floodwater was so great that the compressed air broke through the ground in many places and many acres of ground were observed to bubble up like a pan of boiling water. In some places rents and cavities appeared measuring four or five feet in diameter, and from these came a roaring sound described as being like steam escaping from a safety valve. For about five hours great volumes of water and sand were thrown up into the air like fountains and the mining villages of Bartonholm, Snodgrass, Longford and Nethermains were flooded.