A system of plant taxonomy, the Takhtajan system of plant classification was published by Armen Takhtajan, in several versions from the 1950s onwards. It is usually compared to the Cronquist system. It admits paraphyletic groups.
Systems
The first classification was published in Russian in 1954, and came to the attention of the rest of the world after publication of an English translation in 1958 as Origin of Angiospermous Plants. Further versions appeared in 1959 (Die Evolution der Angiospermen) and 1966 (Sistema i filogeniia tsvetkovykh rastenii). The latter popularised Takhtajan's system when it appeared in English in 1969 (Flowering plants: Origin and dispersal). A further revision appeared in 1980.
1966 system
Magnoliophyta (Angiospermae) p. 51 Class: Magnoliatae (Dicotyledones) p. 51 Class: Liliatae (Monocotyledones) p. 461 Subclass A: Alismidae p. 461 Subclass B: Liliidae p. 473 (was nom. nov.) Superorder Lilianae p. 473 (was nom. nov.) Order Liliales p. 473 Family Liliaceae p. 474 Family Xanthorrhoeaceae p. 476 Family Aphyllanthaceae p. 476 Family Alliaceae p. 477 Family Agavaceae p. 478 Family Amaryllidaceae p. 480 Family Alstroemeriaceae p. 481 Family Haemodoraceae p. 482 Family Hypoxidaceae p. 483 Family Velloziaceae p. 483 Family Philesiaceae p. 484 Family Tecophilaeaceae p. 484 Family Cyanastraceae p. 485 Family Asparagaceae p. 486 Family Smilacaceae p. 487 Family Stemonaceae p. 487 Family Dioscoreaceae p. 488 Family Taccaceae p. 489 Family Phylydraceae p. 491 Family Pontederiaceae p. 490 Order Bromeliales p. 492 Order Iridales p. 494 Order Zingiberales p. 498 Order Orchidales p. 505 Superorder Juncanae p. 510 Subclass C: Commelinidae p. 461 Subclass D: Arecidae p. 525
1997 system
As published in Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants Division Magnoliophyta (2 classes, 17 subclasses, 71 superorders, 232 orders, 589 families Class Magnoliopsida Brongn. (1843) (Dicotyledons) 11 subclasses, 55 superorders, 175 orders, 458 families Subclass Magnoliidae Novak ex Takht. (1967) Subclass Nymphaeidae J.W. Walker ex Takht. (1997) Subclass Nelumbonidae Takht. (1997) Subclass Ranunculidae Takht. ex Reveal (1992) Subclass Caryophyllidae Takht. (1967) Subclass Hamamelididae Takht. (1967) Subclass Dilleniidae Takht. ex Reveal & Tahkt. (1993) Subclass Rosidae Takht. (1967) Subclass Cornidae Frohne & U. Jensen ex Reveal (1994) Subclass Asteridae Takht. (1967) Subclass Lamiidae Takht. ex Reveal (1993) Class Liliopsida Batsch (1802) (Monocotyledons) 6 subclasses, 16 superorders, 57 orders, 131 families Subclass Liliidae Takht. (1967) Superorder Lilianae Takht. (1967) 14 orders Order Melanthiales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992) Order Colchicales Dumort. (1829) Order Trilliales Takht. (1996) Order Liliales Perleb (1826) Family Liliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789) Family Medeolaceae (S. Wats.) Takht. (1987) Order Alstroemeriales Hutch. (1934) Order Iridales Raf. (1815) Order Tecophilaeales Traub ex Reveal (1993) Order Burmanniales Heintze (1927) Order Hypoxidales Takht., nom. inval. (1997) Order Orchidales Raf. (1815) Order Amaryllidales Bromhead (1840) Order Asparagales Bromhead (1838) Order Xanthorrhoeales Takth., nom. inval. (1997) Order Hanguanales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992) Superorder Dioscoreanae Takht. ex Reveal & Doweld (1999) Subclass Commelinidae Takht. (1967) Subclass Arecidae Takht. (1967) Subclass Alismatidae Takht. (1967) Subclass Triurididae Takht. ex Reveal (1992) Subclass Aridae Takht. (1997)
2009 system
As published in Flowering Plants Phylum Magnoliophyta (flowering plants) Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. ex Reveal (1996) Class Magnoliopsida Brongn. (1843) (Dicotyledons) p. 7 Subclass I. Magnoliidae p. 11 Superorder Nymphaeanae Superorder Magnolianae Superorder Lauranae Superorder Piperanae Superorder Rafflesianae Subclass II. Ranunculidae p. 69 Superorder Proteanae Superorder Ranunculanae Subclass III. Hamamelididae p. 101 Superorder Hamamelidanae Superorder Juglandanae Subclass IV. Caryophyllidae p. 129 Superorder Caryophyllanae Superorder Polygonanae Superorder Nepenthanae Subclass V. Dilleniidae p. 167 Superorder Dillenianae Superorder Ericanae Superorder Violanae Superorder Capparanae Superorder Malvanae Superorder Euphorbianae Subclass VI. Rosidae p. 293 Superorder Rosanae Superorder Myrtanae Superorder Fabanae Superorder Rutanae Superorder Celastranae Superorder Santalanae Superorder Balanophoranae Superorder Rhamnanae Subclass VII. Asteridae p. 435 Superorder Cornanae Superorder Asperanae Subclass VIII. Lamiidae p. 511 Superorder Lamianae Class Liliopsida Scop. (1760) (Monocotyledons) p. 595 Subclass I: Alismatidae p. 589 Superorder Petrosavianae Superorder Alismatanae Superorder Aranae Subclass II: Liliidae Takht. (1966) p. 625 Superorder Lilianae Takht. (1966) Order Melanthiales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992) Order Trilliales Takht. (1996) Order Liliales Perleb (1826) 1. Family Campynemataceae 2. Family Colchicaceae 3. Family Tricyrtidaceae 4. Family Scoliopaceae p. 634 5. Family Calochortaceae p. 634 6. Family Liliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789) p. 634 7. Family Medeolaceae (S. Wats.) Takht. (1987) p. 634 Order Burmanniales Order Alstroemeriales Hutch. (1934) Order Smilacales Order Orchidales Order Iridales Order Amaryllidales Order Asparagales Superorder Pandananae Superorder Dioscoreanae Takht., nom. inval. (1997) Superorder Arecanae Subclass III: Arecidae p. 693 Superorder Arecanae Subclass IV: Commelinidae p. 699 Superorder Bromelianae Superorder Zingiberanae Superorder Commelinanae Superorder Juncanae Superorder Poanae
References
Bibliography
Works by Takhtajan Translated by C Jeffrey, as Flowering plants: Origin and dispersal, Edinburgh : Oliver and Boyd, 1969.
External links Takhtajan system at CSDL, Texas . Also, at the Norton Brown Herbarium, Maryland (with an extensive listing of synonyms, both nomenclatural and taxonomic, for each name in the system): 1, 2, 3 Angiosperm Classification according to Armen Takhtajan, 1966