The Province of Salamanca ( ) is a province of western Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is bordered by the provinces of Ávila, Cáceres, Valladolid, and Zamora, and on the west by Portugal.

It has a population of 328,446 in an area of .

It is divided into 362 municipalities, 11 comarcas, 32 mancomunidades, and five judicial districts. Of the 362 municipalities, List of municipalities on provincial official website] more than half are villages with fewer than 300 people.

History The Vettones occupied the areas of the current Spanish provinces of Salamanca and Ávila, as well as parts of Cáceres, Toledo and Zamora. They were a pre-Roman people of Celtic culture. Their numerous archaeological sites exist throughout the province, and several locality names have Vettone origin, some of which are quite important. This is the case of Salamanca (Salmantica), Ledesma (Bletisama) and Ciudad Rodrigo (Augustobriga). Vettone villages were often established on the banks of rivers or on mountains. Examples include Salamanca and Ledesma, built along the Tormes, Bermellar, El Castillo (Saldeana) Moncalvo (Hinojosa de Duero), Picon de la Mora (Picones) and Castro de Yecla la Vieja (Yecla de Yeltes) next to Huebra, Ciudad Rodrigo, Irueña (Fuenteguinaldo) and Lerilla (Zamarra) on the banks of the Agueda and Castro de Las Merchanas (Lumbrales), in a loop of the Camaces. The area between La Armuña and Salamanca marked the border between Vettones and Vaccaei, the other pre-Roman people of the province. They were situated in the northeast area of the province.

Geography Salamanca Province is situated in western Spain, in the western part of Castile and León. It has an average altitude of 823 meters, but there are large variations throughout the province, with being the highest point at the peak of the Ceja Canchal in the Sierra de Béjar range, and being the lowest point in the valley of the Salto de Saucelle. Also of note is the Sierra de Francia mountain range. The Salamanca hydrographic network is mainly formed by the Duero basin. The most important rivers are the Duero, Tormes, Águeda, Huebra, and Yeltes rivers.

The region is well-irrigated with a number of dams and reservoirs, and with more than 3,400 million cubic meters, it is the province with the third highest water storage capacity in Spain, second only to the Province of Badajoz and the Province of Cáceres. Of particular note is the Almendra Dam, five kilometres from the village of Almendra. Constructed between 1964 and 1970, the dam forms part of the hydroelectric system known as the Duero Drops, along with the Castro, Ricobayo, Saucelle and Villalcampo. It is one of the largest reservoirs in Spain with an area of and 2.5 billion cubic metres of water. The dam itself is more than half a kilometre wide and, at a height of , it is one of Spain's tallest structures.

Municipalities

The province has 362 municipalities:

Abusejo Agallas Ahigal de los Aceiteros Ahigal de Villarino La Alameda de Gardón La Alamedilla Alaraz Alba de Tormes Alba de Yeltes La Alberca La Alberguería de Argañán Alconada Aldea del Obispo Aldeacipreste Aldeadávila de la Ribera Aldealengua Aldeanueva de Figueroa Aldeanueva de la Sierra Aldearrodrigo Aldearrubia Aldeaseca de Alba Aldeaseca de la Frontera Aldeatejada Aldeavieja de Tormes Aldehuela de la Bóveda Aldehuela de Yeltes Almenara de Tormes Almendra Anaya de Alba Añover de Tormes Arabayona de Mógica Arapiles Arcediano El Arco Armenteros La Atalaya Babilafuente Bañobárez Barbadillo Barbalos Barceo Barruecopardo La Bastida Béjar Beleña Bermellar Berrocal de Huebra Berrocal de Salvatierra Boada El Bodón Bogajo La Bouza Bóveda del Río Almar Brincones Buenamadre Buenavista El Cabaco La Cabeza de Béjar Cabeza del Caballo Cabezabellosa de la Calzada Cabrerizos Cabrillas Calvarrasa de Abajo Calvarrasa de Arriba La Calzada de Béjar Calzada de Don Diego Calzada de Valdunciel Campillo de Azaba El Campo de Peñaranda Candelario Canillas de Abajo Cantagallo Cantalapiedra Cantalpino Cantaracillo Carbajosa de la Sagrada Carpio de Azaba Carrascal de Barregas Carrascal del Obispo Casafranca Las Casas del Conde Casillas de Flores Castellanos de Moriscos Castellanos de Villiquera Castillejo de Martín Viejo Castraz Cepeda Cereceda de la Sierra Cerezal de Peñahorcada Cerralbo El Cerro Cespedosa de Tormes Cilleros de la Bastida Cipérez Ciudad Rodrigo Coca de Alba Colmenar de Montemayor Cordovilla Cristóbal El Cubo de Don Sancho Chagarcía Medianero Dios le Guarde Doñinos de Ledesma Doñinos de Salamanca Ejeme La Encina Encina de San Silvestre Encinas de Abajo Encinas de Arriba Encinasola de los Comendadores Endrinal Escurial de la Sierra Espadaña Espeja Espino de la Orbada Florida de Liébana Forfoleda Frades de la Sierra La Fregeneda Fresnedoso Fresno Alhándiga La Fuente de San Esteban Fuenteguinaldo Fuenteliante Fuenterroble de Salvatierra Fuentes de Béjar Fuentes de Oñoro Gajates Galindo y Perahuy Galinduste Galisancho Gallegos de Argañán Gallegos de Solmirón Garcibuey Garcihernández Garcirrey Gejuelo del Barro Golpejas Gomecello Guadramiro Guijo de Ávila Guijuelo Herguijuela de Ciudad Rodrigo Herguijuela de la Sierra Herguijuela del Campo Hinojosa de Duero Horcajo de Montemayor Horcajo Medianero La Hoya Huerta Iruelos Ituero de Azaba Juzbado Lagunilla Larrodrigo Ledesma Ledrada Linares de Riofrío Lumbrales Machacón Macotera Madroñal El Maíllo Malpartida Mancera de Abajo El Manzano Martiago Martín de Yeltes Martinamor Masueco La Mata de Ledesma Matilla de los Caños del Río La Maya Membribe de la Sierra Mieza El Milano Miranda de Azán Miranda del Castañar Mogarraz Molinillo Monforte de la Sierra Monleón Monleras Monsagro Montejo Montemayor del Río Monterrubio de Armuña Monterrubio de la Sierra Morasverdes Morille Moríñigo Moriscos Moronta Mozárbez Narros de Matalayegua Nava de Béjar Nava de Francia Nava de Sotrobal Navacarros Navales Navalmoral de Béjar Navamorales Navarredonda de la Rinconada Navasfrías Negrilla de Palencia Olmedo de Camaces La Orbada Pajares de la Laguna Palacios del Arzobispo Palaciosrubios Palencia de Negrilla Parada de Arriba Parada de Rubiales Paradinas de San Juan Pastores El Payo Pedraza de Alba Pedrosillo de Alba Pedrosillo de los Aires Pedrosillo el Ralo El Pedroso de la Armuña Pelabravo Pelarrodríguez Pelayos La Peña Peñacaballera Peñaparda Peñaranda de Bracamonte Peñarandilla Peralejos de Abajo Peralejos de Arriba Pereña de la Ribera Peromingo Pinedas El Pino de Tormes Pitiegua Pizarral Poveda de las Cintas Pozos de Hinojo Puebla de Azaba Puebla de San Medel Puebla de Yeltes Puente del Congosto Puertas Puerto de Béjar Puerto Seguro Rágama La Redonda Retortillo La Rinconada de la Sierra Robleda Robliza de Cojos Rollán Saelices el Chico La Sagrada El Sahugo Salamanca Saldeana Salmoral Salvatierra de Tormes San Cristóbal de la Cuesta San Esteban de la Sierra San Felices de los Gallegos San Martín del Castañar San Miguel de Valero San Miguel del Robledo San Morales San Muñoz San Pedro de Rozados San Pedro del Valle San Pelayo de Guareña Sanchón de la Ribera Sanchón de la Sagrada Sanchotello Sancti-Spíritus Sando Santa María de Sando Santa Marta de Tormes Santiago de la Puebla Santibáñez de Béjar Santibáñez de la Sierra Santiz Los Santos Sardón de los Frailes Saucelle Sepulcro-Hilario Sequeros Serradilla del Arroyo Serradilla del Llano La Sierpe Sieteiglesias de Tormes Sobradillo Sorihuela Sotoserrano Tabera de Abajo La Tala Tamames Tarazona de Guareña Tardáguila El Tejado Tejeda y Segoyuela Tenebrón Terradillos Topas Tordillos El Tornadizo Torresmenudas Trabanca Tremedal de Tormes Valdecarros Valdefuentes de Sangusín Valdehijaderos Valdelacasa Valdelageve Valdelosa Valdemierque Valderrodrigo Valdunciel Valero Vallejera de Riofrío Valverde de Valdelacasa Valsalabroso Valverdón Vecinos, Salamanca Vega de Tirados Las Veguillas La Vellés Ventosa del Río Almar La Vídola Villaflores Villagonzalo de Tormes Villalba de los Llanos Villamayor Villanueva del Conde Villar de Argañán Villar de Ciervo Villar de Gallimazo Villar de la Yegua Villar de Peralonso Villar de Samaniego Villares de la Reina Villares de Yeltes Villarino de los Aires Villarmayor Villarmuerto Villasbuenas Villasdardo Villaseco de los Gamitos Villaseco de los Reyes Villasrubias Villaverde de Guareña Villavieja de Yeltes Villoria Villoruela Vilvestre Vitigudino Yecla de Yeltes Zamarra Zamayón Zarapicos La Zarza de Pumareda Zorita de la Frontera

Demographics As of 2025, the population is 328,446, of which 48.4% are male, and 51.6% are female. Minors make up 13.1% of the population, and seniors make up 28.4%.

Immigration As of 2025, immigrants make up 10.6% of the population. The 5 largest foreign countries of birth are Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Morocco, and France.

Landmarks There are Roman Catholic cathedrals at Salamanca and Ciudad Rodrigo. The Old Cathedral of Salamanca was founded by Bishop Jerome of Périgord, in the 12th century and completed in Romanesque/Gothic style in the 14th century. It is dedicated to Santa Maria de la Sede (Saint Mary of the See). The New Cathedral of Salamanca was constructed between the 16th and 18th centuries in the Late Gothic and Baroque styles. Building began in 1513 and the cathedral was consecrated in 1733. It was commissioned by Ferdinand V of Castile of Spain. It was declared a national monument by royal decree in 1887.

See also Kingdom of León List of municipalities in Salamanca

Notes and references

External links