Gideon Blackburn (August 27, 1772 – August 23, 1838) was an American Presbyterian minister, missionary, educator, and academic administrator. He raised funds for new colleges and founded numerous congregations and churches in areas of new western settlement in Tennessee and Kentucky.
Early life and education Gideon Blackburn was born in Augusta County, Virginia, on August 27, 1772.
Became orphan at age 11 studied under Robert Henderson (1788–1834) at Martin Academy in Washington County, Tennessee
Career In the 1790s Blackburn began his ministerial career as pastor at the New Providence Church, which he founded in Maryville, Tennessee. He had established a farm and distillery near Fort Craig, Tennessee. For the next two decades he mostly worked with congregations in Maryville, including Eusebia Presbyterian Church. He was known as a powerful and evangelizing public speaker.
In the early 19th century, he raised funds to establish schools for Cherokee children. He became a cultural missionary (1803–1809) to the Cherokee. Receiving permission from them, he founded two schools for Cherokee boys in southeast Tennessee—one in 1804 on the Hiwassee River near Charleston, Bradley County, which future Cherokee Chief John Ross attended; and in 1806 one at the mouth of Sale Creek, Hamilton County. Blackburn had all classes in English, with material on culture and practices of Anglo-American society. Together the schools had an enrollment of about 100 students, mostly bicultural Cherokee-American boys, often sons of traders, who found the English lessons more useful.
Blackburn closed both schools in 1809 or 1810 after his reputation was severely damaged due to a scandal related to alcohol. Some Creeks accused Blackburn, his brother Samuel, and the Cherokee chiefs John McIntosh and Major Ridge of scheming to ship whiskey illegally through Creek territory. The Native American nations wanted to control the movement of whiskey and other liquor.
Moving to Middle Tennessee, a flourishing and fertile area being rapidly settled by migrants, Blackburn served as an itinerant preacher in Franklin, Tennessee, where he headed Harpeth Academy in 1811-13. He founded five congregations in the area, including First Presbyterian Church of Nashville, Tennessee and in 1818 the first Presbyterian church in the Alabama Territory, at Huntsville.
Blackburn was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in July 1815.
Kentucky and Indiana, 1823–1837 He then moved his family to Louisville, Kentucky, where he was pastor of the First Church of Louisville (1823–27). He was elected president of the young Centre College on August 1, 1827, and took office on November 5 of that year. He resigned in 1830. He then served again as a minister, at Versailles, Kentucky (1830–33). During these years he also was active with the Kentucky Temperance Society.
Because of his success as a fundraiser, in 1833 Blackburn was invited to Carlinville, Illinois, where he helped raise funds for the new Illinois College. He also started work on developing a non-denominational seminary in Macoupin County. In addition he founded two more congregations.
Four days short of his 66th birthday, he died there. The Panic of 1837 had delayed fundraising for the new school he was trying to establish in Carlinville. What was named Blackburn Seminary in his honor was opened in 1859.
Marriage and family In 1793 Blackburn married his cousin, Grizzel Blackburn, with whom he had seven daughters and four sons.
Legacy and honors
Blackburn established numerous new congregations and churches in Tennessee and Kentucky. He was part of a movement to create community among new settlements of migrants from further East.
In 1859 Blackburn Theological Seminary, now Blackburn College, in Carlinville, Illinois was named after him. Blackburn was a great-uncle to Kentucky Governor Luke P. Blackburn.
References
Further reading Books and journals
Newspapers
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Contemporary obituaries