Events Pre-1600 484 – Pope Felix III excommunicated patriarch Acacius of Constantinople for his support of the Henoticon and his support of the removal of patriarch John Talaia, leading to the Acacian schism. 1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina. 1402 – Ottoman-Timurid Wars: Battle of Ankara: Timur, ruler of Timurid Empire, defeats forces of the Ottoman Empire sultan Bayezid I. 1540 – Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard. 1540 – Thomas Cromwell is executed after having been condemned untried, using a bill of attainder which Cromwell had used against his opponents. 1571 – La Laguna encomienda, known today as the Laguna province in the Philippines, is founded by the Spaniards as one of the oldest encomiendas (provinces) in the country.
1601–1900 1635 – Eighty Years' War: The Spanish capture the strategic Dutch fortress of Schenkenschans. 1656 – Second Northern War: Battle of Warsaw begins. 1778 – Constitution of the province of Cantabria ratified at the Assembly Hall in Bárcena la Puente, Reocín, Spain. 1794 – French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre and Louis Antoine de Saint-Just are executed by guillotine in Paris, France. 1808 – Mahmud II became Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam. 1809 – Peninsular War: Sir Arthur Wellesley's British, Portuguese and Spanish army repulse a French force led by Joseph Bonaparte in the Battle of Talavera. 1821 – José de San Martín declares the independence of Peru from Spain. 1854 – , the last all-sail warship built by the United States Navy and current museum ship in Baltimore Harbor, is commissioned. 1864 – American Civil War: In the Battle of Ezra Church, Confederate troops make a third unsuccessful attempt under General John Bell Hood to prevent Union forces led by General William T. Sherman from approaching Atlanta, Georgia. 1866 – At the age of 18, Vinnie Ream becomes the first and youngest female artist to receive a commission from the United States government for a statue (of Abraham Lincoln). 1868 – The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is certified, establishing African American citizenship and guaranteeing due process of law. 1883 – A moderate earthquake measuring magnitude 4.3–5.2 strikes the Italian island of Ischia, killing over 2,300 people. 1896 – The city of Miami is incorporated.
1901–present 1911 – The Australasian Antarctic Expedition began as the SY Aurora departed London. 1914 – World War I: In the culmination of the July Crisis, Austria-Hungary declares war on the Kingdom of Serbia and begins the Great War. 1915 – The United States begins a 19-year occupation of Haiti. 1917 – Anti-lynching movement: The Silent Parade takes place in New York City, in protest against murders, lynchings, and other violence directed towards African Americans. 1932 – During the Great Depression, U.S. president Herbert Hoover orders the United States Army to forcibly evict the "Bonus Army" of World War I veterans gathered in Washington, D.C. 1935 – First flight of the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. 1938 – Hawaii Clipper disappears between Guam and Manila as the first loss of an airliner in trans-Pacific China Clipper service. 1939 – The Sutton Hoo helmet is discovered. 1942 – World War II: Soviet leader Joseph Stalin issues Order No. 227. In response to alarming German advances, all those who retreat or otherwise leave their positions without orders to do so are to be tried in a military court, with punishment ranging from duty in a shtrafbat battalion, imprisonment in a Gulag, or execution. 1943 – World War II: Operation Gomorrah: The Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg, Germany causing a firestorm that kills 42,000 German civilians. 1945 – A U.S. Army B-25 bomber crashes into the 79th floor of the Empire State Building killing 14 and injuring 26. 1957 – Heavy rain and a mudslide in Isahaya, western Kyushu, Japan, kills 992. 1960 – The German Volkswagen Act comes into force. 1962 – Beginning of the 8th World Festival of Youth and Students.28. heinäkuuta - 6. elokuuta 1962, Maailman nuorison ja ylioppilaiden maailmankonferenssi 1962Nuorisofestivaalit Helsingissä 1962, Rauhan ja ystävyyden 8. festivaalit Helsingissä, päättäjäiset (1962) 1965 – Vietnam War: U.S. president Lyndon B. Johnson announces his order to increase the number of United States troops in South Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000. 1973 – Summer Jam at Watkins Glen: Nearly 600,000 people attend a rock festival at the Watkins Glen International Raceway. 1974 – Spetsgruppa A, Russia's elite special force, was formed. 1976 – The Tangshan earthquake measuring between 7.8 and 8.2 moment magnitude flattens Tangshan in the People's Republic of China, killing 242,769 and injuring 164,851. 1984 – Olympic Games: Games of the XXIII Olympiad: The summer Olympics were opened in Los Angeles. 1996 – The remains of a prehistoric man are discovered near Kennewick, Washington. Such remains will be known as the Kennewick Man. 2001 – Australian Ian Thorpe becomes the first swimmer to win six gold medals at a single World Championship meeting. 2002 – Nine coal miners trapped in the flooded Quecreek Mine in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, are rescued after 77 hours underground. 2002 – Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Flight 9560 crashes after takeoff from Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow, Russia, killing 14 of the 16 people on board. 2005 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army calls an end to its thirty-year-long armed campaign against British rule in Northern Ireland. 2010 – Airblue Flight 202 crashes into the Margalla Hills north of Islamabad, Pakistan, killing all 152 people aboard. It is the deadliest aviation accident in Pakistan history and the first involving an Airbus A321. 2011 – While flying from Seoul, South Korea to Shanghai, China, Asiana Airlines Flight 991 develops an in-flight fire in the cargo hold. The Boeing 747-400F freighter attempts to divert to Jeju International Airport, but crashes into the sea South-West of Jeju island, killing both crew members on board. 2017 – Nawaz Sharif was disqualified from office for life by Supreme Court of Pakistan after finding him guilty of corruption charges. 2018 – Australian Wendy Tuck becomes the first female skipper to win the Clipper Round the World Yacht Race. 2022 – Catastrophic floods devastate Eastern Kentucky, resulting in 45 fatalities and causing damage to thousands of homes and businesses.
Births Pre-1600 1347 – Margaret of Durazzo, Queen of Naples and Hungary (died 1412) 1458 – Jacopo Sannazaro, Italian poet, humanist and epigrammist (died 1530)Dates as in Ralph Nash, tr. The Major Latin Poems of Jacopo Sannazaro 1996: "Chronological Table" p. 7; "Jacopo Sannazzaro." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2010 Online. 17 Oct. 2010 gives traditional 1456. 1516 – William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, German nobleman (died 1592)
1601–1900 1609 – Judith Leyster, Dutch painter (died 1660) 1645 – Marguerite Louise d'Orléans, French princess (died 1721) 1659 – Charles Ancillon, French jurist and diplomat (died 1715) 1746 – Thomas Heyward Jr., American judge and politician (died 1809) 1750 – Fabre d'Églantine, French actor, playwright, and politician (died 1794) 1783 – Friedrich Wilhelm von Bismarck, German army officer and writer (died 1860) 1796 – Ignaz Bösendorfer, Austrian businessman, founded the Bösendorfer Company (died 1859) 1804 – Ludwig Feuerbach, German anthropologist and philosopher (died 1872) 1815 – Stefan Dunjov, Bulgarian colonel (died 1889) 1844 – Gerard Manley Hopkins, English poet (died 1889) 1849 – James Edson White, American author and publisher, second son of Ellen G. White and James S. White 1857 – Ballington Booth, English-American activist, co-founded Volunteers of America (died 1940) 1860 – Elias M. Ammons, American businessman and politician, 19th Governor of Colorado (died 1925) 1860 – Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia (died 1922) 1863 – Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski, Russian general (died 1919) 1866 – Beatrix Potter, English children's book writer and illustrator (died 1943) 1866 – Albertson Van Zo Post, American fencer (died 1938) 1867 – Charles Dillon Perrine, American-Argentinian astronomer (died 1951) 1872 – Albert Sarraut, French journalist and politician, 106th Prime Minister of France (died 1962) 1874 – Ernst Cassirer, Polish-American philosopher and academic (died 1945) 1879 – Lucy Burns, American activist, co-founded the National Woman's Party (died 1966) 1879 – Stefan Filipkiewicz, Polish painter (died 1944) 1887 – Marcel Duchamp, French-American painter and sculptor (died 1968) 1887 – Willard Price, Canadian-American journalist and author (died 1983) 1893 – Rued Langgaard, Danish organist and composer (died 1952) 1893 – Bullet Rogan, American baseball player (died 1967) 1896 – Barbara La Marr, American actress and screenwriter (died 1926) 1898 – Lawrence Gray, American actor (died 1970)
1901–present 1901 – Freddie Fitzsimmons, American baseball player, coach, and manager (died 1979) 1901 – Rudy Vallée, American actor, singer, and saxophonist (died 1986) 1902 – Albert Namatjira, Australian painter (died 1959) 1902 – Karl Popper, Austrian-English philosopher and academic (died 1994) 1907 – Earl Tupper, American inventor and businessman, founded Tupperware Brands (died 1983) 1909 – Aenne Burda, German publisher (died 2005) 1909 – Malcolm Lowry, English novelist and poet (died 1957) 1914 – Carmen Dragon, American conductor and composer (died 1984) 1915 – Charles H. Townes, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2015) 1915 – Dick Sprang, American illustrator (died 2000) 1915 – Frankie Yankovic, American polka musician (died 1998) 1916 – David Brown, American journalist and producer (died 2010) 1920 – Andrew V. McLaglen, English-American director and producer (died 2014) 1922 – Jacques Piccard, Belgian-Swiss oceanographer and engineer (died 2008) 1923 – Ray Ellis, American conductor and producer (died 2008) 1924 – Luigi Musso, Italian racing driver (died 1958) 1925 – Baruch Samuel Blumberg, American physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2011) 1926 – Charlie Biddle, American-Canadian bassist (died 2003) 1927 – John Ashbery, American poet (died 2017) 1929 – Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, American journalist and socialite, 37th First Lady of the United States (died 1994) 1930 – Firoza Begum, Bangladeshi singer (died 2014) 1930 – Junior Kimbrough, American singer and guitarist (died 1998) 1930 – Jean Roba, Belgian author and illustrator (died 2006) 1930 – Ramsey Muir Withers, Canadian general (died 2014) 1931 – Alan Brownjohn, English poet and author (died 2024) 1931 – Darryl Hickman, American actor (died 2024) 1931 – Johnny Martin, Australian cricketer (died 1992) 1932 – Natalie Babbitt, American author and illustrator (died 2016) 1932 – Carlos Alberto Brilhante Ustra, Brazilian colonel (died 2015) 1933 – Charlie Hodge, Canadian ice hockey player and scout (died 2016) 1934 – Jacques d'Amboise, American dancer and choreographer (died 2021) 1935 – Neil McKendrick, English historian and academic 1936 – Russ Jackson, Canadian football player and coach 1936 – Garfield Sobers, Barbadian cricketer (died 2026) 1937 – Peter Duchin, American pianist and bandleader 1937 – Francis Veber, French director and screenwriter 1938 – Luis Aragonés, Spanish footballer, coach, and manager (died 2014) 1938 – Arsen Dedić, Croatian singer-songwriter and poet (died 2015) 1938 – Alberto Fujimori, Peruvian engineer, academic, and politician, President of Peru (died 2024) 1938 – Chuan Leekpai, Thai lawyer and politician, 20th Prime Minister of Thailand 1941 – Bill Crider, American author (died 2018) 1941 – Peter Cullen, Canadian voice actor (died 2026) 1941 – Riccardo Muti, Italian conductor and educator 1941 – Susan Roces, Filipino actress and producer (died 2022) 1942 – Tonia Marketaki, Greek director and screenwriter (died 1994)