Events Pre-1600 193 – The Roman Senate passes a motion proclaiming Septimius Severus emperor, awards divine honours to Pertinax, and sentences current emperor Didius Julianus to death. 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León. 1298 – Residents of Riga and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida. 1412 – The Treaty of Lubowla between the kingdoms of Hungary and Poland is confirmed with one of the largest and magnificent royal meetings and feasts ever held in Buda. King Sigismund of Hungary host king Władysław II Jagiełło while several thousand nobles attend.Ceremony and Diplomacy. The Royal Summit in Buda in 1412. By Balázs Nagy. Bárány Attila (ed.), The Jagiellonians in Europe: Dynastic Diplomacy and Foreign Relations. 224 p. Debrecen, 2016. 9-18.Urban, William (2003), Tannenberg and After: Lithuania, Poland and the Teutonic Order in Search of Immortality (Revised ed.), Chicago: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center, ISBN 0-929700-25-2, p. 191-192. 1494 – A monk, John Cor, records the first known batch of Scotch whisky. 1533 – Anne Boleyn is crowned Queen of England.Fraser, Antonia The Wives of Henry VIII New York: Knopf (1992) , page 195 1535 – Combined forces loyal to Charles V attack and expel the Ottomans from Tunis during the Conquest of Tunis.
1601–1900 1648 – The Roundheads defeat the Cavaliers at the Battle of Maidstone in the Second English Civil War. 1649 – Start of the Sumuroy Revolt: Filipinos in Northern Samar led by Agustin Sumuroy revolt against Spanish colonial authorities. 1670 – In Dover, England, Charles II of England and Louis XIV of France sign the Secret Treaty of Dover, which will force England into the Third Anglo-Dutch War. 1676 – Battle of Öland: allied Danish-Dutch forces defeat the Swedish navy in the Baltic Sea, during the Scanian War (1675–79). 1679 – The Scottish Covenanters defeat John Graham of Claverhouse at the Battle of Drumclog. 1773 – Wolraad Woltemade rescues 14 sailors at the Cape of Good Hope from the sinking ship De Jonge Thomas by riding his horse into the sea seven times. Both he and his horse, Vonk, are drowned on his eighth attempt. 1779 – The court-martial for malfeasance of Benedict Arnold, a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, begins. 1792 – Kentucky is admitted as the 15th state of the United States. 1794 – The battle of the Glorious First of June is fought, the first naval engagement between Britain and France during the French Revolutionary Wars. 1796 – Tennessee is admitted as the 16th state of the United States. 1812 – War of 1812: U.S. President James Madison asks the Congress to declare war on the United Kingdom. 1813 – Capture of USS Chesapeake. 1815 – Napoleon promulgates a revised Constitution after it passes a plebiscite. 1831 – James Clark Ross becomes the first European at the North Magnetic Pole. 1849 – Territorial Governor Alexander Ramsey declared the Territory of Minnesota officially established. 1854 – Åland War: The British navy destroys merchant ships and about 16,000 tar barrels of the wholesale stocks area in Oulu, Grand Duchy of Finland. 1855 – The American adventurer William Walker conquers Nicaragua. 1857 – Charles Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal is published. 1857 – The Revolution of the Ganhadores begins in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. 1861 – American Civil War: The Battle of Fairfax Court House is fought. 1862 – American Civil War: Peninsula Campaign: The Battle of Seven Pines (or the Battle of Fair Oaks) ends inconclusively, with both sides claiming victory. 1868 – The Treaty of Bosque Redondo is signed, allowing the Navajo to return to their lands in Arizona and New Mexico. 1879 – Napoléon Eugène, the last dynastic Bonaparte, is killed in the Anglo-Zulu War. 1890 – The United States Census Bureau begins using Herman Hollerith's tabulating machine to count census returns.
1901–present
1913 – The Greek–Serbian Treaty of Alliance is signed, paving the way for the Second Balkan War. 1916 – The United States Senate confirms the appointment of Louis Brandeis to the United States Supreme Court, making him the first Jew to be an Associate Justice. 1918 – World War I: Western Front: Battle of Belleau Wood: Allied Forces under John J. Pershing and James Harbord engage Imperial German Forces under Wilhelm, German Crown Prince. 1919 – Prohibition comes into force in Finland. 1922 – The Royal Ulster Constabulary is founded. 1929 – The 1st Conference of the Communist Parties of Latin America is held in Buenos Aires. 1939 – First flight of the German Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighter aircraft. 1941 – World War II: The Battle of Crete ends as Crete capitulates to Germany. 1941 – The Farhud, a massive pogrom in Iraq, starts and as a result, many Iraqi Jews are forced to leave their homes. 1943 – BOAC Flight 777 is shot down over the Bay of Biscay by German Junkers Ju 88s, killing British actor Leslie Howard and leading to speculation that it was actually an attempt to kill British Prime Minister Winston Churchill. 1946 – Ion Antonescu, "Conducator" ("Leader") of Romania during World War II, is executed. 1950 – The Declaration of Conscience speech, by U.S. Senator from Maine, Margaret Chase Smith, is delivered in response to Joseph R. McCarthy's speech at Wheeling, West Virginia. Smith. Declaration 1950 – The Chinchaga fire ignites. By September, it would become the largest single fire on record in North America. 1951 – Washington State Ferries, the largest ferry system in the United States, begins operation under state ownership after a buyout of the Puget Sound Navigation Company. 1958 – Charles de Gaulle comes out of retirement to lead France by decree for six months. 1961 – The Canadian Bank of Commerce and Imperial Bank of Canada merge to form the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, the largest bank merger in Canadian history. 1962 – Adolf Eichmann, former SS officer in Nazi Germany, is hanged in Israel for having committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, and other offenses.; 1974 – The Heimlich maneuver for rescuing choking victims is published in the journal Emergency Medicine. 1975 – The Patriotic Union of Kurdistan was founded by Jalal Talabani, Nawshirwan Mustafa, Fuad Masum and others. 1976 – Aeroflot Flight 418 crashes in Bioko, Equatorial Guinea, killing 46. 1978 – The first international applications under the Patent Cooperation Treaty are filed. 1979 – The first black-led government of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in 90 years takes power. 1980 – Cable News Network (CNN) begins broadcasting. 1988 – The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty comes into effect. 1990 – Cold War: George H. W. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev sign a treaty to end chemical weapon production. 1993 – Dobrinja mortar attack: Thirteen are killed and 133 wounded when Serb mortar shells are fired at a soccer game in Dobrinja, west of Sarajevo. 1994 – Republic of South Africa becomes a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations. 1999 – American Airlines Flight 1420 slides and crashes while landing at Little Rock National Airport, killing 11 people on a flight from Dallas to Little Rock. 2001 – Nepalese royal massacre: Crown Prince Dipendra of Nepal shoots and kills several members of his family including his father and mother. 2001 – Dolphinarium discotheque massacre: A Hamas suicide bomber kills 21 at a disco in Tel Aviv. 2004 – Oklahoma City bombing co-conspirator Terry Nichols is sentenced to 161 consecutive life terms without the possibility of parole. 2007 – Cyclone Gonu develops from an area of convection in the Arabian Sea, becoming the worst recorded natural disaster in Oman. 2008 – A fire on the back lot of Universal Studios breaks out, destroying the attraction King Kong Encounter and a large archive of master tapes for music and film, the full extent of which was not revealed until 2019. 2009 – Air France Flight 447 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Brazil on a flight from Rio de Janeiro to Paris. All 228 passengers and crew are killed. 2009 – General Motors files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. It is the fourth largest United States bankruptcy in history. 2011 – A rare tornado outbreak occurs in New England; a strong EF3 tornado strikes Springfield, Massachusetts, during the event, killing four people. 2011 – Space Shuttle Endeavour makes its final landing after 25 flights. 2015 – A ship carrying 458 people capsizes in the Yangtze river in China's Hubei province, killing 442 people.
Births Pre-1600 1134 – Geoffrey, Count of Nantes (died 1158) 1300 – Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk, English politician, Lord Marshal of England (died 1338) 1451 – Giles Daubeney, 1st Baron Daubeney (died 1508) 1460 – Enno I, Count of East Frisia, German noble (died 1491) 1480 – Tiedemann Giese, Polish bishop (died 1550) 1498 – Maarten van Heemskerck, Dutch painter (died 1574) 1522 – Dirck Coornhert, Dutch writer and scholar (died 1590) 1563 – Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, English politician, Secretary of State for England (died 1612)
1601–1900 1612 – Frans Post, Dutch painter (died 1680) 1633 – Geminiano Montanari, Italian astronomer and academic (died 1687) 1637 – Jacques Marquette, French missionary and explorer (died 1675) 1653 – Georg Muffat, French organist and composer (died 1704) 1675 – Francesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei, Italian archaeologist and playwright (died 1755) 1762 – Edmund Ignatius Rice, Irish priest and missionary, founded the Irish Christian Brothers (died 1844) 1765 – Christiane Vulpius, mistress and wife of Johann Wolfgang Goethe (died 1816) 1770 – Friedrich Laun, German author (died 1849) 1790 – Ferdinand Raimund, Austrian actor and playwright (died 1836) 1796 – Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot, French physicist and engineer (died 1832) 1800 – Edward Deas Thomson, Australian educator and politician, Chief Secretary of New South Wales (died 1879) 1801 – Brigham Young, American religious leader, 2nd President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (died 1877) 1804 – Mikhail Glinka, Russian composer (died 1857) 1808 – Henry Parker, English-Australian politician, 3rd Premier of New South Wales (died 1881) 1815 – Otto of Greece (died 1862) 1819 – Francis V, Duke of Modena (died 1875) 1822 – Clementina Maude, Viscountess Hawarden, English portrait photographer (died 1865) 1825 – John Hunt Morgan, American general (died 1864) 1831 – John Bell Hood, American general (died 1879) 1833 – John Marshall Harlan, American lawyer, associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, and politician; Attorney General of Kentucky (died 1911) 1843 – Henry Faulds, Scottish physician and missionary, developed fingerprinting (died 1930) 1869 – Richard Wünsch, German philologist (died 1915) 1873 – Elena Alistar, Bessarabian politician (died 1955) 1874 – Yury Nikolaevich Voronov, Russian botanist (died 1931) 1878 – John Masefield, English author and poet (died 1967) 1878 – Sam Dreben, American soldier and mercenary (died 1925) 1879 – Max Emmerich, American triathlete and gymnast (died 1956) 1887 – Clive Brook, English actor (died 1974) 1889 – Charles Kay Ogden, English linguist and philosopher (died 1957) 1890 – Frank Morgan, American actor (died 1949) 1892 – Amanullah Khan, sovereign of the Kingdom of Afghanistan, (died 1960) 1896 – Sydney Kyte, British bandleader (died 1981)
1901–present 1901 – Hap Day, Canadian ice hockey player, referee, and manager (died 1990) 1901 – Tom Gorman, Australian rugby league player (died 1978) 1901 – John Van Druten, English-American playwright and director (died 1957) 1903 – Vasyl Velychkovsky, Ukrainian-Canadian bishop and martyr (died 1973) 1903 – Hans Vogt, Norwegian linguist and academic (died 1986) 1905 – Robert Newton, English-American actor (died 1956) 1907 – Jan Patočka, Czech philosopher (died 1977) 1907 – Frank Whittle, English airman and engineer, developed the jet engine (died 1996) 1909 – Yechezkel Kutscher, Slovak-Israeli philologist and linguist (died 1971)