List of wars involving England

This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of England before the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain by the Acts of Union 1707. For dates after 1707, see List of wars involving the United Kingdom. For Scotland, see list of wars involving Scotland

*e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive, inconclusive

Pre-unification Start End Name of conflict Belligerents OutcomeAnglo-Saxons & alliesAnglo-Saxons' opposition455455Battle of AylesfordAnglo-SaxonsBritons Unclearearly 500searly 500sBattle of Argoed LlwyfainBerniciaRheged Defeat518518Battle of BadonAnglo-SaxonsBritons Defeat556556Battle of Beran ByrigBritonsVictory or or Battle of CatraethRhegedGododdinVictory571571Battle of BedcanfordBritonsVictory577577Battle of DeorhamBritonsVictory592592Battle of Woden's BarrowBritons Defeat596596Battle of RaithAnglesGaelsPicts BritonsVictory603603Battle of DegsastanBerniciaDál RiataVictory633 or 644633 or 644Battle of HeavenfieldNorthumbria GwyneddVictory660660Battle of PeonnumBritonsVictory671671Battle of Two RiversNorthumbriaPictsVictory685685Battle of Dun NechtainNorthumbriaPicts Defeat721-722721-722Battle of HehilCornish Defeat760760Battle of HerefordBritons Defeat838838Battle of Hingston DownCornish VikingsVictory851851Battle of Aclea VikingsVictory851851Battle of SandwichKent VikingsVictory865878Great Heathen Army's invasion of England Battle of York Battle of Englefield Battle of Reading Battle of Ashdown Battle of Basing Battle of Meretun Battle of Ashdown Battle of Cynwit Battle of EdingtonNorthumbriaEast AngliaNorthumbria Vikings Victory Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum Creation of the Danelaw Viking invasion defeated and halted881881Battle of the Conwy Gwynedd Defeat885885Battle of Rochester VikingsVictory892892Battle of Farnham VikingsVictory893893Battle of ButtingtonWelsh VikingsVictory894894Battle of Benfleet VikingsVictory894894First Battle of StamfordDanelaw Defeat910910Battle of TettenhallDanelawVictory917917Battle of TempsfordDanelawVictory917917Battle of DerbyDanelawVictory918918Second Battle of StamfordDanelawVictory

10th and 11th centuries Start End Name of conflict Belligerents OutcomeEngland & alliesEngland's opposition934934Æthelstan's invasion of Scotland Deheubarth Gwynedd Kingdom of Gwent Brycheiniog Partial victory Militarily inconclusive Constantine acknowledges Æthelstan's overlordship937937Battle of BrunanburhKingdom of Dublin Kingdom of Alba

Kingdom of StrathclydeVictory942942Idwal Foel’s war against England GwyneddVictory Idwal Foel is defeated and killed in battle against the Saxons945945Invasion of StrathclydeKingdom of StrathclydeVictory Strathclyde ravaged Strathclyde ceded to Scotland946954Northumbria's war of independenceEarl of BamburghNorthumbria Victory Northumbria becomes absorbed by the Kingdom of England967967Invasion of Gwynedd GwyneddVictory Gwynedd is invaded and ravaged991991Battle of Maldon Vikings Defeat King Æthelred makes a payment of Danegeld of 10,000 Roman pounds10011001First Battle of Alton Vikings Defeat The Anglo-Saxons retreats to Winchester10011001Battle of Pinhoe Vikings Defeat The Vikings burn Pinhoe to the ground10041004Battle of Thetford Vikings Victory The Vikings are repulsed10061006Siege of Durham (1006) Victory10101010Battle of Ringmere Vikings Defeat Over a three-month period the Vikings wasted East Anglia, burning Thetford and Cambridge1011 or 10121011 or 1012Battle of Newmouth (at Sudbourne) Vikings Victory10131013Sweyn Forkbeard’s invasion of England Kingdom of Denmark Defeat Sweyn Forkbeard becomes king of England and dies shortly after10161016Cnut the Great's invasion of EnglandEdmund IIEadnoth the YoungerUlfcytel Snillingr Kingdom of DenmarkCnut the Great Defeat King Edmund, cedes all of England, save Wessex, to Cnut.Edmund II (king of England) @ Britannica.com. Retrieved 25 March 2010. Following Edmund's death on 30 November, Cnut ascends to the throne as the sole king of England. Personal union formed between Denmark and England under Danish hegemony.10181018Battle of CarhamKingdom of Strathclyde Defeat10261026 Battle of HelgeåCanute the Great Sweden Norway Anund Jacob Olaf II of Norway Victory The Swedish and Norwegian attack to conquer Denmark while Canute is busy in England fails and Canute retains power Olaf II of Norway loses support in Norway Most of the Swedish forces, however, remain intact. The later invasion of Sweden seems to have ended badly, and in Anglo-Saxon sources the battle is described as a Swedish victory, and also that there was a great loss of English lives, and that the Swedes were in possession of the battlefield. Sweden would continue to support Norwegian rebels loyal to Olaf II under the whole of Canute's reign. Most forces in the Battle of Stiklestad consisted of Swedes and the eventual Swedish support for Norwegian rebels would lead to the disintegration of the North Sea Empire and the Personal Union between Denmark and Norway.10281029Cnut’s invasion of Norway Kingdom of Denmark Norwegian chieftains Kingdom of Norway Victory Norway conquered by Cnut10311031Cnut’s expedition to Scotland Kingdom of Denmark Victory Malcolm II, Maelbaethe and Lehmarc subjugated10391039Battle of Rhyd Y Groes Gwynedd Defeat10401040Siege of Durham (1040) Victory10491049Blockade of Flanders Kingdom of Denmark County of Flanders Victory Successful blockade of Flanders in support of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor10521052Battle of Llanllieni Gwynedd Defeat10541054Battle of Dunsinane Victory10621063Campaign against Gruffudd ap Llywelyn Gwynedd Victory Gruffudd ap Llywelyn is defeated and dies10641066Breton-Norman War Duchy of Normandy Duchy of Brittany Victory Norman victory10661066Norwegian invasion of EnglandHarold Godwinson Morcar, Earl of Northumbria Edwin, Earl of Mercia Kingdom of Norway

Harald Hardrada Tostig Godwinson Eystein Orre Victory English Victory The Norse army is defeated10661071Norman Conquest of EnglandHarold GodwinsonGyrth GodwinsonLeofwine Godwinson Duchy of Normandy William of NormandyAlan the RedWilliam FitzOsbernEustace II, Count of Boulogne Defeat Norman Victory England becomes absorbed by the Duchy of Normandy10671165Norman invasion of Wales EnglandWelsh kingdoms Kingdom of Norway Indecisive Establishment of the Welsh Marches and conquest of Welsh territory Failure to conquer all of wales10721072Norman invasion of Scotland England Scotland Victory Scottish attacks on Northumbria repelled Malcolm III forced to submit to William the Conqueror, though makes subsequent raids once the Norman king returns south10761077The Breton War England Duchy of Normandy Duchy of Brittany Defeat Philip I of France prevents further Norman expansion into the region10871087The Vexin War England Duchy of Normandy Defeat Failure to conquer the 'French Vexin' William I mortally wounded10901090Rouen Riot England Pilatenses (anti-ducal citizens) Duchy of Normandy Pro ducal Calloenses Defeat Victory of ducal faction10911091Invasion of Normandy (1091) England Duchy of Normandy Victory Treaty of Caen10921092Invasion of Cumbria England Scotland Victory10931093Battle of Alnwick England Scotland Victory10961099First Crusade England Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of France Duchy of Apulia Byzantine Empire Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia Great Seljuq Empire Danishmends Fatimid Caliphate Almoravids Victory Recapture of Nicaea Formation of the Crusader States10971098The Second Vexin War England Duchy of Normandy Inconclusive Truce Mixed Results Status Quo Ante Bellum in Vexin Failure to conquer French Vexin Northern Maine Annexed

12th century Start End Name of conflict Belligerents OutcomeEngland & alliesEngland's opposition11051106Invasion of Normandy (1105-1106) England Duchy of NormandyVictory Normandy is conquered by England after the Battle of Tinchebray11091113Anglo-French war 1109-1113 England Duchy of Normandy FranceVictory Henry I retains Gisors Henry I recognised as suzerain of Brittany and Maine11161119Anglo-French war 1116-1119 England Duchy of Normandy France Norman RebelsVictory Louis VI fails to annex the Duchy of Normandy Victory at the Battle of Brémule swiftly ends the war11231135Anglo-French war 1123-1135 England Duchy of Normandy France County of MaineVictory French-Supported rebels in Maine defeated11301134David I's second war against Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair England Scotland Scottish RebelsVictory Rebels Defeated Máel Coluim was captured and imprisoned in Roxburgh Castle11361139Anglo-Scottish war 1136-1139 England Scotland Defeat Treaty of Durham (1139) David's son Henry is given the earldom of Northumberland Stephen recognises the independence of Scotland11421142Siege of Lisbon (1142) Anglo-Norman Crusaders Kingdom of PortugalTaifa of Badajoz Defeat Crusader forces fail to capture Lisbon11451149Second Crusade England (Holy land Crusade) Kingdom of Jerusalem (Holy land Crusade) Kingdom of France (Iberian and Holy Land Crusade) Holy Roman Empire (Wendish and Holy Land Crusade) Kingdom of Portugal (Iberian Crusade) Castile (Iberian Crusade) County of Barcelona (Iberian Crusade) León (Iberian Crusade) Byzantine Empire (Holy land Crusade) Kingdom of Denmark (Wendish Crusade) Duchy of Poland (Wendish Crusade) Kingdom of Sicily (Holy land Crusade)Sultanate of Rum (Holy Land Crusade) Almoravids (Iberian Crusade) Almohads (Iberian Crusade) Zengids (Holy Land Crusade)Fatimids (Holy Land Crusade) Obotrite Confederacy (Wendish Crusade) Partial Crusader Victory Crusader Victory in Iberian and Wendish Crusades Muslim Victory in the Holy Land Crusade1150s1150sEystein II expedition to England England Norway Defeat Eastern English coast plundered11581189Anglo-French War 1158–1189 Revolt of 1173-74 England France Angevins Supporting Prince Richard English Defeat Revolt of 1173-74 is defeated Richard’s Revolt is successful in 1189 with French aid11661169Invasion of Brittany England Duchy of Brittany Victory Brittany is absorbed into the Angevin Empire11691177Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland England Anglo-Normans Cambro-Normans Gaelic IrelandVictory Most of Ireland absorbed into the Lordship of Ireland11851185John's first expedition to Ireland England Lordship of Ireland Lordship of Meath Gaelic Ireland Defeat John returns to England. Hugh de Lacy falls out of royal favour.11891192Third Crusade Conquest of Cyprus by Richard I England Kingdom of Jerusalem France Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of HungaryAyyubids Zengids Sultanate of Rum Byzantine Empire Kingdom of SicilyPartial Crusader victory Treaty of Ramla11931199Anglo-French War 1193–1199 England FranceVictory Truce at Vernon Successful defence of Angevin territories11961196Battle of Radnor England Deheubarth Defeat11981198Siege and Battle of Painscastle EnglandPowys WenwynwynVictory

13th century Start End Name of conflict Belligerents OutcomeEngland & alliesEngland's opposition12021204French invasion of Normandy (1202–1204) Battle of Mirebeau Siege of Château Gaillard France Defeat England loses Normandy, Maine and Anjou to France12051207 or 1208Anglo-Castilian War CastileVictory Alfonso VIII of Castile fails to conquer the Duchy of Gascony, giving up on the venture in 1207 or 120812091229Albigensian Crusade English volunteers Kingdom of France Duchy of Burgundy Duchy of Brittany County of Nevers County of Auxerre County of Saint-Pol Viscounty of Donges Viscounty of Torèna Papal States Episcopal Inquisition Dominican Order Militia of the Faith of Jesus Christ Hospitallers of the Holy Spirit Knights of Saint George Duchy of Austria Duchy of Berg Electorate of Cologne County of Aurenja County of Provence-Forcalquier Cathars County of Toulouse Viscounty of Béziers and Albi County of Valentinois Lordship of Séverac Marquisate of Provence Viscounty of Béarn County of Astarac Crown of Aragon County of Foix County of Comminges Viscounty of Carcassonne