Sveshnikov is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Aleksei Georgievich Sveshnikov (1924–2022), Russian mathematical physicist Evgeny Sveshnikov (1950–2021), Latvian, former Soviet International Grandmaster of chess and chess writer German Sveshnikov (1937–2003), Soviet fencer Boris Sveshnikov (1927–1998), Russian, Soviet non-conformist painter
See also Sicilian Defence, Sveshnikov Variation, a chess opening named for Evgeny Sveshnikov Svechnikov, a surname