The list of organisms by chromosome count describes the numbers of chromosomes in the cells of various plants, animals, protists, and other living organisms. This number, along with the visual appearance of the chromosome, is known as the karyotype,Concise Oxford Dictionary and can be found by looking at the chromosomes through a microscope. Attention is paid to their length, the position of the centromeres, banding pattern, any differences between the sex chromosomes, and any other physical characteristics. The preparation and study of karyotypes is part of cytogenetics.
Organism(Scientific name) Chromosome number Picture Karyotype Notes SourceJack jumper ant(Myrmecia pilosula) 2 for females, males are haploid and thus have 1; smallest number possible. Other ant species have more chromosomes.Myrmecia croslandi2/12 for females, males are haploid and thus have 1; smallest number possible.Spider mite(Tetranychidae) Spider mites (family Tetranychidae) are typically haplodiploid (males are haploid, while females are diploid)Cricotopus sylvestris Oikopleura dioica Yellow fever mosquito(Aedes aegypti) The 2n=6 chromosome number is conserved in the entire family Culicidae, except in Chagasia bathana, which has 2n=8.Indian muntjac(Muntiacus muntjak) 2n = 6 for females and 7 for males. The lowest diploid chromosomal number in mammals.Hieracium Fruit fly(Drosophila melanogaster) 6 autosomal and 2 allosomic (sex)Macrostomum lignano Marchantia polymorpha Typically haploid with dominant gametophyte stage. 8 autosomes and 1 allosome (sex chromosome). The sex-determination system used by this species and most other bryophytes is called UV. Spores can carry either the U chromosome, which results in female gametophytes, or the V chromosome, which results in males. The chromosome number n = 9 is the basic number in many species of Marchantiales. In some species of Marchantiales, plants with various ploidy levels (having 18 or 27 chromosomes) were reported, but this is rare in nature.Thale cress(Arabidopsis thaliana) 10 Swamp wallaby(Wallabia bicolor) 11 for male, 10 for femaleAustralian daisy(Brachyscome dichromosomatica) This species can have more B chromosomes than A chromosomes at times, but 2n=4.Nematode(Caenorhabditis elegans) 12 for hermaphrodites, 11 for malesSpinach(Spinacia oleracea) 12 Broad bean(Vicia faba) 12 Yellow dung fly(Scathophaga stercoraria) 12 10 autosomal and 2 allosomic (sex) chromosomes. Males have XY sex chromosomes and females have XX sex chromosomes. The sex chromosomes are the largest chromosomes and constitute 30% of the total length of the diploid set in females and about 25% in males.Slime mold(Dictyostelium discoideum) 12 Cucumber(Cucumis sativus) 14 Tasmanian devil(Sarcophilus harrisii) 14 Rye(Secale cereale) 14 Pea(Pisum sativum) 14 Barley(Hordeum vulgare) 14 Aloe vera 14 The diploid chromosome number is 2n = 14 with four pair of long acrocentric chromosomes ranging from 14.4 μm to 17.9 μm and three pair of short sub metacentric chromosomes ranging from 4.6 μm to 5.4 μm.Koala(Phascolarctos cinereus) 16 Kangaroo 16 This includes several members of genus Macropus, but not the red kangaroo (M. rufus, 20)Botryllus schlosseri Schistosoma mansoni 16 2n=16. 7 autosomal pairs and ZW sex-determination pair.Welsh onion(Allium fistulosum) 16 Garlic(Allium sativum) 16 Itch mite(Sarcoptes scabiei) According to the observation of embryonic cells of egg, chromosome number of the itch mite is either 17 or 18. While the cause for the disparate numbers is unknown, it may arise because of an XO sex determination mechanism, where males (2n=17) lack the sex chromosome and therefore have one less chromosome than the female (2n=18).Radish(Raphanus sativus) 18 Carrot(Daucus carota) 18 The genus Daucus includes around 25 species. D. carota has nine chromosome pairs (2n = 2x = 18). D. capillifolius, D. sahariensis and D. syrticus are the other members of the genus with 2n = 18, whereas D. muricatus (2n = 20) and D. pusillus (2n = 22) have a slightly higher chromosome number. A few polyploid species as for example D. glochidiatus (2n = 4x = 44) and D. montanus (2n = 6x = 66) also exist.Cabbage(Brassica oleracea) 18 Broccoli, cabbage, kale, kohlrabi, brussels sprouts, and cauliflower are all the same species and have the same chromosome number. Citrus(Citrus) 18 Chromosome number of the genus Citrus, which including lemons, oranges, grapefruit, pomelo and limes, is 2n = 18.Passion fruit(Passiflora edulis) 18 Souza, Margarete Magalhães, Telma N. Santana Pereira, and Maria Lúcia Carneiro Vieira. "Cytogenetic studies in some species of Passiflora L.(Passifloraceae): a review emphasizing Brazilian species." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 51.2 (2008): 247–258. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132008000200003Setaria viridis(Setaria viridis) 18 Maize(Zea mays) 20 Cannabis(Cannabis sativa) 20 Western clawed frog(Xenopus tropicalis) 20 Australian pitcher plant(Cephalotus follicularis) 20 Cacao(Theobroma cacao) 20 Eucalyptus(Eucalyptus) 22 Although some contradictory cases have been reported, the large homogeneity of the chromosome number 2n = 22 is now known for 135 (33.5%) distinct species among genus Eucalyptus. Virginia opossum(Didelphis virginiana) 22 Bean(Phaseolus sp.) 22 All species in the genus Phaseolus have the same chromosome number, including common bean (P. vulgaris), runner bean (P. coccineus), tepary bean (P. acutifolius) and lima bean (P. lunatus). Snail 24 Melon(Cucumis melo) 24 Rice(Oryza sativa) 24 Silverleaf nightshade(Solanum elaeagnifolium) 24 Sweet chestnut(Castanea sativa) 24 Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum) 24 European beech(Fagus sylvatica) 24 Bittersweet nightshade(Solanum dulcamara) 24 Cork oak(Quercus suber) 24 Zaldoš V, Papeš D, Brown SC, Panaus O, Šiljak-Yakovlev S (1998) Genome size and base composition of seven Quercus species: inter- and intra-population variation. Genome, 41: 162–168.Edible frog(Pelophylax kl. esculentus) 26 Edible frog is the fertile hybrid of the pool frog and the marsh frog.Axolotl(Ambystoma mexicanum) 28 Bed bug(Cimex lectularius) 26 autosomes and varying number of the sex chromosomes from three (X1X2Y) to 21 (X1X2Y+18 extra Xs).Pill millipede(Arthrosphaera magna attems) 30 Giraffe(Giraffa camelopardalis) 30 American mink(Neogale vison) 30 Pistachio(Pistacia vera) 30 Japanese oak silkmoth (Antheraea yamamai)31Baker's yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 32 European honey bee(Apis mellifera) 32/16 32 for females (2n = 32), males are haploid and thus have 16 (1n =16).American badger(Taxidea taxus) 32 Alfalfa(Medicago sativa) 32 Cultivated alfalfa is tetraploid, with 2n=4x=32. Wild relatives have 2n=16.Red fox(Vulpes vulpes) 34 Plus 0-8 B chromosomes.Sunflower(Helianthus annuus) 34 Porcupine(Erethizon dorsatum) 34 Globe artichoke(Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus) 34 Yellow mongoose(Cynictis penicillata) 36 Tibetan sand fox(Vulpes ferrilata) 36 Starfish(Asteroidea) 36 Red panda(Ailurus fulgens) 36 Meerkat(Suricata suricatta) 36 Cassava(Manihot esculenta) 36 Long-nosed cusimanse(Crossarchus obscurus) 36 Earthworm(Lumbricus terrestris) 36 African clawed frog(Xenopus laevis) 36 Waterwheel plant(Aldrovanda vesiculosa) 38 Tiger(Panthera tigris) 38 Sea otter(Enhydra lutris) 38 Sable(Martes zibellina) 38 Raccoon(Procyon lotor) 38 Pine marten(Martes martes) 38 Pig(Sus) 38 Oriental small-clawed otter(Aonyx cinerea) 38 Lion(Panthera leo) 38 Fisher(Pekania pennanti) 38 a type of martenEuropean mink(Mustela lutreola) 38 Coati 38 Cat(Felis catus) 38 Beech marten(Martes foina) 38 Baja California rat snake(Bogertophis rosaliae) 38 American marten(Martes americana) 38 Trans-Pecos ratsnake(Bogertophis subocularis) 40 Mouse(Mus musculus) 40 The Jackson Laboratory : "Mice with chromosomal aberrations".Mango(Mangifera indica) 40 Hyena(Hyaenidae) 40 Ferret(Mustela furo) 40 European polecat(Mustela putorius) 40 American beaver(Castor canadensis) 40 Peanut(Arachis hypogaea) 40 Cultivated peanut is an allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 40). Its closest relatives are the diploid (2n = 2x = 20).Wolverine(Gulo gulo) 42 Wheat(Triticum aestivum) 42 This is a hexaploid with 2n=6x=42. Durum wheat is Triticum turgidum var. durum, and is a tetraploid with 2n=4x=28. Rhesus monkey(Macaca mulatta) 42 Rat(Rattus norvegicus) 42 Oats(Avena sativa) 42 This is a hexaploid with 2n=6x=42. Diploid and tetraploid cultivated species also exist. Giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca) 42 Fossa(Cryptoprocta ferox) 42 European rabbit(Oryctolagus cuniculus) 44 Eurasian badger(Meles meles) 44 Moon jellyfish(Aurelia aurita) 44 Dolphin(Delphinidae) 44 Arabian coffee(Coffea arabica) 44 Out of the 103 species in the genus Coffea, arabica coffee is the only tetraploid species (2n = 4x = 44), the remaining species being diploid with 2n = 2x = 22.Reeves's muntjac(Muntiacus reevesi) 46 Human(Homo sapiens) 46 44 autosomal and 2 allosomic (sex) Olive