Jung–Koch–Quentell wall charts (abbreviated as JKQ) are a series of educational wall charts for teaching biology and zoology created by Heinrich Jung (1856–1939), Gottlieb von Koch (1849–1914) and Friedrich Quentell (1847–1935). They collaborated on a series of wall charts which were published as Neuen Wandtafeln für den Unterricht in der Naturgeschichte by Frommann and Morian of Darmstadt who went out of business after World War II. The rights were then obtained by Wilhelm and Marie Hagemann and it was republished by Hagemann Company of Düsseldorf. The illustrations were often geometrically stylized and idealized in the style of Ernst Haeckel who was an influence on Von Koch. These charts are now collectors items."Plant Science Bulletin 70 (1) 2024, p 12,13"Database of scientific illustrators, Heinrich JungDatabase of scientific illustrators, Gottlieb von KochDatabase of scientific illustrators, Friedrich QuentellLes collections du Musée national de l'Éducation; Koch (G.): professeur à l'école polytechnique de Darmstadt et inpecteur du musée de zoologie de l'état. Quentell (F.): Directeur de l'école de Friedberg. Jung (Henri) : Professeur à l'école secondaire des jeunes filles de Darmstadt. La collection a été déssinée, peinte et publiée par lui même.
Development and use
The Jung-Koch-Quentell’schen Lehrtafeln/Wandtafeln – originally created between 1892 and 1921Naturae novitates : Bibliographie neuer Erscheinungen aller Länder auf dem Gebiete der Naturgeschichte und der exacten Wissenschaften– "were used in lectures at university and schools until the late twentieth century" and were re-issued several times, up until 2015.Alte Lehrmittel – neu entdeckt. Die Wandtafel- sammlung der Speziellen Zoologie in Jena (Old teaching material rediscovered. The collection of wall charts from the Institute of Systematic Zoology and Evolutionary Biology in Jena) January 2015The design of the charts followed twelve guidelines outlined in the accompanying booklet. The selected species for illustration were chosen with reference to the textbooks, ensuring that they represent the entire organism and highlight the most important parts relevant to the lesson. It was meant to be used by the teacher and no text was added to the charts themselves. Each plates represented a single species with details of parts and the backgrounds were often black to maintain focus on the objects. The illustrations often had the details simplified and often made more geometric, idealized, and aesthetic. The charts were painted by Heinrich Jung, a teacher, with the support of Gottlieb von Koch, a zoology professor and natural history museum curator, and Friedrich Quentell, a teachers' seminary director.Begleitheft zu den neuen Wandtafeln (Zoologie und Botanik) für den Unterricht in der Naturgeschichte : in feinstem Farbendruck auf schwarzem Hintergrunde für höhere Lehranstalten, Volksschulen, Ackerbau-, Obstbau-, Forstschulen etc. / bearb., gemalt und hrsg. von Heinrich Jung, Darmstadt : Frommann & Morian, 1903 The charts were initially published by Frommann & Morian (1847–1930) of Darmstadt, who originally announced to sell them in 6 shipments of 10 sheets each. Each sheet had the dimensions of 100 by 75 cmKatalog der Lehrmittel-Ausstellung, Jugendschriften-Ausstellung und Bayerischen Bücherei für die XII Hauptversammlung des Bayerischen Volksschullehrer-Vereins in Würzburg vom 6. bis zum 12. August 1893, p 160 of which 30 sheets were botanical and 30 dealt with zoological subjects.Katalog zur Schulausstellung im St. Petersschulhause an der Blumenstraße, 1896 They were supplemented by an accompanying booklet.
Fromman & Morian was sold to a competitor in 1930, but continued to operate until ca 1940. The original paintings and lithographic plates were lost in World War II. The charts were re-published by Hagemann Lehrmittelverlag in Düsseldorf in the 1950s and 1960s. Carl MorianMorian was listed as co-editor with Heinrich Jung from at least 1928 on; Carl Morian was the brother of the Frommann & Morian publishing house's co-owner Hermann Friedrich Morian was involved in this re-creation, supported by Dr Georg Heldmann, the successor of Gottlieb von Koch as curator of the zoology department of the Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt.Morian estate, Stadtarchiv Darmstadt The new edition format was increased to 86x114 cm, and parts of the objects were now placed on a 'natural' background. The artists who drew these new background are not known.
Shortly after their first publication, the charts were recommended by the Prussian educational authorities.Zentralblatt für die gesamte Unterrichtsverwaltung in Preußen. 1892, p 811,812 After this official endorsement, many schools in Prussia and its provinces procured them.Verfügungen des Königlichen Provinzial=Schulkollegiums von allgemeinem Interesse, Bericht über das Schuljahr 1892/93, Gymnasium Luckau
List of the charts The following list is taken from the 1903's booklet, with additions from the 1928's booklet. The original spelling is used, which differs sometimes from current day use.
+ Botany Nr Batch 1 Batch 2 Batch 3 Batch 4 Batch 5 Batch 61 Primula officinalis. Schlüsselblume. 11 Salix caprea. Sahlweide. 21 Vitis vinifera. Weinstock. 31 Cuscuta epithymum. Kleeseide. 41 Iris germanica. Schwertlilie. 51 Prunus avium. Süßkirschbaum.2 Pisum sativum. Erbse. 12 Tulipa gesneriana. Gartentulpe. 22 Corylus avellana. Hasel. 32 Lotus corniculatus. Gehörnter Schotenklee. 42 Zea mais. Mais. 52 Colchicum autumnale. Herbstzeitlose.3 Aesculus hippocastanum. Roßkastanie. 13 Pirus communis. Birnbaum. 23 Orchis morio. Knabenkraut. 33 Salvia pratensis. Salbei. 43 Equisetum arvense. Ackerschachtelhalm. 53 Arum maculatum. Aronstab.4 Fragaria vesca. Walderdbeere. 14 Lamium album. Weiße Taubnessel. 24 Pinus silvestris. Kiefer. 34 Centaurea cyanus. Kornblume. 44 Marchantia polymorpha. Lebermoos. 54 5 Cardamine pratensis. Wiesenschaumkraut. 15 Viola tricolor. Veilchen. 25 Polystichum filix mas. Schildfarn. 35 Linaria vulgaris. Leinkraut. 45 Lycopodium clavatum. Kolben-Bärlapp. 55 6 Ranunculus acris. Scharfer Hahnenfuß. 16 Agrostemma githago. Kornrade. 26 Polytrichum commune. Großes Haarmoos. 36 Oenothera biennis. Nachtkerze. 46 Sphagnum acutifolium. Torfmoos. 56 7 Papaver rhoeas. Klatschrose. 17 Viscum album. Mistel. 27 Agaricus campestris. Champignon. 37 Drosera rotundifolia. Sonnentau. 47 Urtica dioica. Große Brennessel. 57 8 Solanum tuberosum. Kartoffel. 18 Tilia parvifolia. Kleinblättrige Linde. 28 Physcia parietina. Wand-Schwielenflechte. 38 Echium vulgare. Natterkopf. 48 Hedera helix. Efeu. 58 9 Convolvulus arvensis. Ackerwinde. 19 Daucus carota. Möhre 29 Mucor mucedo. Kopfschimmel. 39 Claviceps purpurea. Mutterkornpilz. 49 Galanthus nivalis. Schneeglöckchen. 59 10 Secale cereale. Roggen. 20 Helianthus annuus. Sonnenblume 30 Spirogyra, Pinnularia, Vaucheria Süßwasseralgen 40 Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bierhefepilz. 50 Fucus vesiculosus. Blasentang. 60
+ Zoology Nr Batch 1 Batch 2 Batch 3 Batch 41 Felis domestica. Hauskatze 11 Anser cinereus. Hausgans 21 Triton cristatus. Kamm-Molch. 31 Erinaceus europaeus. Igel.2 Ovis aries. Schaf 12 Pelias berus, Coluber natrix. Kreuzotter, Ringelnatter. 22 Cyprinus Carpio. Gemeiner Karpfen. 32 Trichina spiralis. Trichine.3 Lepus timidus. Hase 13 Emys europaea. Europäische Sumpfschildkröte. 23 Musca domestica. Stubenfliege. 33 Hirudo medicinalis. Blutegel.4 Fringilla coelebs. Buchfink 14 Anadonta anatina. Kleine Teichmuschel. 24 Gryllotalpa vulgaris. Maulwurfsgrille 34 Sepia officinalis. Tintenfisch (Mittelmeer)5 Lacerta agilis. Eidechse 15 Apis mellifica. Biene. 25 Cyclops Argulus. Ruderfüssler. 35 Scyllum catulus. Katzenhai.6 Perca fluviatilis. Barsch 16 Pieris Brassicae I. Kohlweissling I. 26 Asteropecten aurantiacus. Seestern. 36 Manteltiere, Tunicata. Ascidiae simplices, Einfache Ascidien, Seescheiden.7 Rana muta. Grasfrosch 17 Pieris Brassicae. Kohlweissling II. 27 Taenia solium. Bandwurm. 37 Gallus domesticus. Huhn.8 Helix pomatia. Weinbergschnecke 18 Astacus fluviatilis. Flusskrebs. 28 Asteroides calycularis. Sternkoralle. 38 Spongilla a)Ephydatia fluviatilis, b)Spongilla lacustris. Süßwasserschwamm9 Melolontha vulgaris. Maikäfer 19 Lumbricus agricola. Regenwurm. 29 Vorticella. Paramecium. Stylonichia, Euglena, Noctiluca. Infusorien. 39 Aurelia aurita. Ohrenqualle.10 Epeira diadema. Kreuzspinne 20 Hydra vulgaris. Gemeiner Süsswasserpolyp. 30 Amoeba, Rotalia, Difflugia, Gregarina. Urtiere. 40 In 1928, Carl Morian and Heinrich Jung added two additional charts "Anatomie", showing a human skeleton from the side and in frontal view.
Biographies of the creators
Heinrich Jung (19 June 1856, WöllsteinVerleihung der Silbernen Verdienstmedaille für Kunst und Wissenschaft ; A school vicar named Jacob Jung took office in Wöllstein at the time of Heinrich Jung's birth and worked in Zotzenheim around the time Heinrich Jung would have entered the Friedberg seminary. The Friedberg teachers' seminary mentions a Heinrich Jung of Zotzenheim as student in the years 1874/75. It is likely that Jacob Jung is indeed Heinrich Jung's father. – 3 November 1939, DarmstadtDarmstädter Tagblatt, 5 November 1939) became a teacher at the Stadtknabenschule Darmstadt (boys' school) in 1878.Adressbuch Darmstadt 1878 He was a founding member of the association for natural sciences in Darmstadt (Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein zu Darmstadt), which was co-found by Gottlieb von Koch on 21 August 1880.Statuten und Mitglieder-Verzeichnis des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Darmstadt 1882, 1898Darmstädter Tagblatt 1.2.1930, p 5 He taught at the Mädchenmittelschule (girls' secondary school, as of 2025: Goetheschule) in Darmstadt from 26 June 1886 until he retired on 1 February 1924.archive of Hessen He married Katharina Maria Louise Noack on 20 October 1886 and they had three children - Heinz Jung, Gustav Jung and Thilde Jung.Darmstädter Tagblatt 16.10.1886, p 2536
Gottlieb von Koch (1849 – 1914) was an artist as well as a biologist and had worked with Ernst Haeckel whose works likely influenced the idealization of the art work in the charts. He designed the zoological dioramas at the Darmstadt Museum.
Friedrich Eduard Quentell (26 April 1847, Worms –20 March 1935, Homberg/OhmDeath note in Gießener Anzeiger) studied at the Gymnasium in Worms from 1866 and before going to Heidelberg, Bonn, and Gießen. In Heidelberg, he studied mathematics, chemistry and physics under Rummer, Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff. In Gießen, he worked with botanist Hermann Hoffmann and attended lessons of Rudolf Leuckart, who created zoological wall charts between 1877 and 1892.
In 1873, he transferred to MainzHessisches Regierungsblatt 1873 and published a paper with Hermann Hoffmann "Die Diatomeen von Gießen" (the diatomes of Gießen).14. Bericht der Oberhessischen Gesellschaft für Natur- und Heilkunde, Gießen, S. 42 In 1874, he became teacher at the Realschule (secondary school) in his home town Worms.Jahresbericht der Realschule Michelstadt 1890 p 10 During this time, he was chairman of the Worms gymnastics teachers' association.Jahrbücher der deutschen Turnkunst. 35 = N.S. Bd. 8 . 1889