Mphahlele is a surname of South African origin. Notable people with this name include: Es'kia Mphahlele (1919–2008), South African writer Letlapa Mphahlele (born 1960), South African politician Mash Mphahlele (born 1990), South African association football player Ramahlwe Mphahlele (born 1990), South African association football player Ryan Mphahlele (born 1998), South African runner Segopotje Mphahlele (born 1968), South African judge