A hydroselenide (or biselenide or selanide) is an ion or chemical compound containing the [SeH]− ion. The radical HSe is a pseudohalogen. Hydroselenide can be a ligand in transition metal complexes where it can be attached to a single atom, or bridge two atoms. The terms used in ligand naming are selanido, or hydrogenselenido.
Similar compounds include the hydrosulfides, and hydrotellurides. Related compounds include toxic hydrogen selenide gas, hydrodiselenides (HSeSe−) and the hydride selenides that do not have a bond between hydrogen and selenium.
Production HSe− complexes may be formed by reacting H2Se with a reduced metal complex, forming a hydrido-hyrogenselenido complex. A halide ligand in a complex may be replaced by HSe− from sodium hydroselenide.
A metal-metal bond can be replaced by a selenium bridge, that can then be protonated to yield a bridged complex.
Properties Hydroselenides easily react with water or water vapour to produce the malodourous hydrogen selenide.
Hydroselenide occurs naturally in alkaline, oxygen-free waters.
Use Hydroselenides have been used to introduce selenium into organic compounds, such as replacing a methylsufide group with selenium.
List formulasystemspace groupunit cell Åvolumedensitycommentreferenceammonium hydroselenide[NH4]SeHat 24.8°C pressure=14 mm Hgethylmethylimidazolinium hydroselenide[(C2H5)(CH3)C3N2H2]+SeH−monoclinicP21/nmelt 102°CN-butyl-N-methylpyrollidinium hydroselenide[(C4H9)(CH3)C4NH8]+SeH−decompose 149°C; slightly greenishsodium hydroselenideNaSeHcubicFmma=6.26 Z=4245.3pale grey; water insensitive(tris(Hydrogen 3-p-tolylpyrazolyl)borato)-hydroselenato-magnesium[Tpp-Tol]MgSeHmonoclinicP21/na=10.870 b=17.015 c=15.907 β=96.39°LiAlHSeHgreyMeL=HC[(CMe)N(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)]2–[MeLAl(μ-SeH)]2(μ-Se)pale yellow; melt 190°CMeL=HC[(CMe)N(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)]2–[MeLAl(μ-SeH)]2(μ-O)•2CH3C6H5orthorhombicPccna=21.111 b=13.118 c=20.256 Z=456101.280white; decompose 140°Cb-diketimi-natoN(2,6-iPr2C6H3)C(Me)CHC(Me)N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)Al(SeH)2orthorhombicPnmaa=13.065 b=22.049 c=10.55.7 Z=430471.318yellow; decompose 220°C; dimerizesN(2,6-iPr2C6H3)C(Me)CHC(Me)N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)(HSe)AlSeAl(SeH)N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)C(Me)CHC(Me)N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)monoclinicP21/na=12.255 b=27.347 c=17.753 β=98.29° Z=458881.273pale yellow; decompose 250°Ctri-n-butyl-methylphosphinium hydroselenide[(C4H9)3(CH3)P]+SeH−melt 57°CKSeHcubicFmma=6.87 Z=4324.2Cp*=(CH3)5(C5H5)Cp*2Ti(SeH)2(C5H5)2Ti(SeH)2(C5H5)2TiCl(SeH)PPN[Cr(CO)5SeH]yellow; decompose 94°CPPN[(CO)5Cr]2(μ-SeH)Fe2(CO)6(μ2-SeH)2[(C5H5)Co]2(μ-P(CH3)2)2(μ-SeH)•PF6red-browndppeNi(SeH)2RbSeHcubicFmma=7.16 Z=4331.4Cp* = η5-C5Me5[(Cp*RhCl)2(μ-SeH)2]orthorhombicPccna=13.512 b=20.435 c=8.660red(CH2CH2PPh2)3PRhSeHhexagonalP63a=13.573 c=12.188 Z=2(CH2CH2PPh2)3PRh(SeH){H)CF3SO3CsSeHcubicFmma=4.437 Z=187.4Cp*2Ta(Se)SeHAsPh4[(CO)5W]2(μ-SeH)Re2(CO)8(μ2-SeH)2air sensitivetrans-Pt(PEt3)2(SeH)2yellow; air sensitivetrans-Pt(PEt3)2(SeH)2(H)2trans-Pt(PEt3)2(SeH)Hwhite; melt 135°C; air sensitivePtH(SeH)(PPh3)2air stable;melt 135°CPt(PEt3)2(SeH)Cl(H)2Pt(PEt3)2(SeH)Br(H)2Pt(PEt3)2(SeH)I(H)2IrCl(CO)(PPh3)2(SeH)(H)air sensitive; decompose >160°CCp* = η5-C5Me5[(Cp*IrCl)2(μ-SeH)2]yellow(t-BuC5H4)2Nb(η2-Te2)Hdark orange(AdArO)3N3− = tris(2-hydroxy-3-adamantyl-5-methylbenzyl)amine)[((AdArO)3N)U(CH3OC2H4OCH3)(SeH)]{((AdArO)3N)U}2(μ-SeH)2(4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane)-potassium selenido-{2,2',2''-[(1,4,7-triazonane-1,4,7-triyl)tris(methylene)]tris[4-methyl-6-(tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decan-1-yl)phenolato]}-uranium((Ad,MeArO)3tacn)U(SeH)hexagonalP63a=14.920 c=19.254 Z=23711.91.451brown
References