Manihot is a genus in the diverse milkspurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It was described as a genus in 1754.Miller, Philip. 1754. Gardeners Dictionary...Abridged...fourth edition vol. 2Tropicos, Manihot Mill.
Species of Manihot are monoecious . . trees, shrubs and a few herbs that are native to the Americas, from Arizona in the United States south to Argentina and Uruguay.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families The best known member of this genus is the widely cultivated cassava (Manihot esculenta).
Manihot species are used as food plants by the larvae of some species of Lepidoptera including Endoclita sericeus and Hypercompe hambletoni.
Species
Manihot acuminatissima Müll.Arg. – Goiás, Bahia Manihot aesculifolia (Kunth) Pohl – Mexico, Central America Manihot alutacea D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás Manihot angustiloba (Torr.) Müll.Arg. – Mexico, Arizona Manihot anisophylla (Griseb.) Müll.Arg. – N Argentina Manihot anomala Pohl – South America Manihot attenuata Müll.Arg. - Goiás Manihot auriculata McVaugh – Jalisco, Nayarit Manihot baccata Allem – Fr Guiana, NE Brazil Manihot boliviana Pax & K.Hoffm. - Bolivia Manihot brachyandra Pax & K.Hoffm. – Bahia Manihot brachyloba Müll.Arg. – Central Amer, Dominican Rep, N South America Manihot brachystachys Pax & K.Hoffm. - Brazil Manihot brasiliana Mendoza et al. - Goiás, Brazil Manihot breviloba – Sergipe Manihot caerulescens Pohl – Brazil, Paraguay Manihot carthagenensis (Jacq.) Müll.Arg. – N South America, Trinidad, Curaçao Manihot catingae Ule – Bahia, Minas Gerais Manihot caudata Greenm. – N Mexico Manihot cecropiifolia – Goiás, Distrito Federal Manihot chlorosticta Standl. & Goldman – Mexico Manihot compositifolia Allem – Bahia Manihot condensata D.J.Rogers & Appan – Bolivia Manihot congesta Mendoza et al. - Goiás, Brazil Manihot corymbiflora Pax & K.Hoffm. – Rio de Janeiro Manihot crassisepala Pax & K.Hoffm. – México State, Morelos, Jalisco Manihot crotalariiformis Pohl – Minas Gerais Manihot davisiae Croizat – Arizona, Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa Manihot diamantinensis Allem – Bahia Manihot dichotoma Ule – NE Brazil Manihot divergens Pohl – Goiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais Manihot epruinosa Pax & K.Hoffm. – Piauí, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia Manihot esculenta Crantz – from Mexico to Brazil Manihot falcata D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás, Distrito Federal Manihot filamentosa Pittier – NW Venezuela Manihot flemingiana D.J.Rogers & Appan – Mato Grosso Manihot foetida (Kunth) Pohl – C + N Mexico Manihot fortalezensis Nassar, D.G.Ribeiro, Bomfim & P.T.C.Gomes – Ceará Manihot fruticulosa (Pax) D.J.Rogers & Appan – Brazil Manihot gabrielensis Allem – Goiás Manihot gracilis Pohl – Paraguay, Brazil Manihot grahamii Hook. – S Brazil, N Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay Manihot guaranitica Chodat & Hassl. – N Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia Manihot handroana Cruz – Minas Gerais Manihot hassleriana – Paraguay Manihot heptaphylla Ule – Bahia Manihot hilariana Baill. – Minas Gerais Manihot hunzikeriana Mart.Crov. – Rio Grande do Sul, Misiones Manihot incisa - Goiás, Brazil Manihot inflata Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná Manihot irwinii D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás Manihot jacobinensis Müll.Arg. – Mato Grosso, Bahia Manihot janiphoides Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Minas Gerais Manihot jolyana Cruz – São Paulo Manihot leptophylla Pax – NW South America Manihot longepetiolata Pohl – Goiás, Minas Gerais Manihot maracasensis Ule – Bahia Manihot marajoara Huber – Pará, Amapá Manihot mcvaughii V.W.Steinm. – Michoacán Manihot membranacea Pax & K.Hoffm. – Mato Grosso Manihot michaelis McVaugh – Colima, Jalisco Manihot mirabilis Pax – Paraguay Manihot mossamedensis Taub. – Goiás Manihot nana Müll.Arg. – Goiás, Minas Gerais Manihot neusana Nassar – Paraná Manihot nogueirae Allem – Distrito Federal Manihot oaxacana D.J.Rogers & Appan – Oaxaca Manihot obovata J.Jiménez Ram. – Guerrero Manihot oligantha Pax & K.Hoffm. – Goiás Manihot orbicularis Pohl – Goiás Manihot palmata Müll.Arg. – Rio de Janeiro Manihot pauciflora Brandegee – Puebla, Oaxaca Manihot paviifolia Pohl – Goiás Manihot peltata Pohl – Goiás Manihot pentaphylla Pohl – Brazil, Paraguay Manihot peruviana Müll.Arg. – Loreto, San Martin Manihot pilosa Pohl – E Brazil Manihot pinatiloba Goiás, Brazil Manihot pohliana Müll.Arg. – Bahia Manihot pohlii Wawra – Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro Manihot populifolia Pax – Paraguay Manihot porphyrantha Goiás, Brazil Manihot pringlei S.Watson – Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro Manihot procumbens Müll.Arg. – Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraguay Manihot pruinosa Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás Manihot pseudoglaziovii Pax & K.Hoffm. – Ceará, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba Manihot pulchrifolius M.J. Silva – Brazil Manihot purpureocostata Pohl – Goiás Manihot pusilla Pohl – Goiás Manihot quinquefolia Pohl – Bahia Manihot quinqueloba Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás Manihot quinquepartita Huber ex D.J.Rogers & Appan – Amapá, Pará, Maranhão, Mato Grosso Manihot reniformis Pohl – Bahia Manihot reptans Pax – Goiás, Minas Gerais Manihot rhomboidea Müll.Arg. – Mexico, Central America Manihot rubricaulis I.M.Johnst. – Mexico Manihot sagittatopartita Pohl – Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais Manihot salicifolia Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás Manihot sparsifolia Pohl – Goiás Manihot stipularis Pax – Distrito Federal, Goiás Manihot stricta Baill. – Peru, Mato Grosso, Goiás Manihot subspicata Rogers & Appan – Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas Manihot surinamensis D.J.Rogers & Appan – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas Manihot tenella Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Paraguay Manihot tomatophylla Standl. – Morelos, Jalisco, Michoacán Manihot tomentosa Pohl – Goiás, Minas Gerais Manihot triloba (Sessé) McVaugh ex Miranda – Mexico Manihot tripartita (Spreng.) Müll.Arg. – Brazil, Paraguay Manihot triphylla Pohl – Distrito Federal, Goiás, Minas Gerais Manihot tristis Müll.Arg. – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas, N Brazil Manihot variifolia Pax & K.Hoffm. – Paraguay Manihot violacea Pohl – Brazil Manihot walkerae Croizat – Texas, Tamaulipas Manihot websteri D.J.Rogers & Appan – Puebla, Oaxaca Manihot weddelliana Baill. – Goiás Manihot xavantinensis D.J.Rogers & Appan – Mato Grosso Manihot zehntneri Ule – Bahia
variety treated as a species Manihot carthaginensis subsp. glaziovii = Manihot glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem
formerly included moved to Aleurites Cnidoscolus Jatropha
M. curcas – Jatropha curcas M. diversifolia – Jatropha diversifolia M. gossypiifolia – Jatropha gossypiifolia M. herbacea – Cnidoscolus urens M. moluccana – Aleurites moluccanus M. multifida – Jatropha multifida M. spinosissima – Cnidoscolus vitifolius M. urens – Cnidoscolus urens
Pollination Monoecy was demonstrated by Jennings 1963 and George & Shifriss 1967.
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