The 1939 Tour de France was the 33rd edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 10 to 30 July. The total distance was .

Taking place on the eve of World War II, there was already much animosity in Europe. Italy, Germany and Spain all declined to send teams to the race, so the 1938 Italian champion Gino Bartali would not be defending his title. To fill out the ranks, Belgium sent two teams, and France had five teams. This would be the final Tour for eight years, until 1947.

Between the second and the seventh stage, the last rider in the general classification was eliminated.

The race was won by Belgian Sylvère Maes who also won the mountains classification.

Innovations and changes For the first time, a mountain time trial was scheduled: stage 16b. A rule was added to make it more difficult to finish the race: from the second stage to the seventh stage, the last rider in the classification was to be removed from the race.

The nutrition of the cyclists became more professional: cyclists were reporting that the use of vitamins increased their performance.

Teams

Because Italy, Germany and Spain did not send teams, the Tour organisation were short on participating cyclists. To solve this, they allowed Belgium to send two teams, and France to send four additional regional teams.

The French cyclists had been successful in the 1930s, but their Tour winners were absent in 1939: 1930 and 1932 winner André Leducq had retired in 1938, as had 1931 and 1934 winner Antonin Magne; 1933 winner Georges Speicher did not ride, and 1937 winner Roger Lapébie was injured. This all made the Belgian team favourite.

The teams entering the race were:

Belgium Switzerland Luxembourg Netherlands France Belgium B France North-East/Île de France France West France South-West France South-East

Route and stages

The highest point of elevation in the race was at the summit of the Col de l'Iseran mountain pass on stage 16b.

+ Stage characteristics and winners Stage Date Course Distance Type Winner 110 July Paris to Caen Plain stage 2a11 July Caen to Vire Individual time trial 2b Vire to Rennes Plain stage 312 July Rennes to Brest Plain stage 413 July Brest to Lorient Plain stage 514 July Lorient to Nantes Plain stage 6a15 July Nantes to La Rochelle Plain stage 6b La Rochelle to Royan Plain stage 16 July Royan Rest day 717 July Royan to Bordeaux Plain stage 8a18 July Bordeaux to Salies-de-Béarn Plain stage 8b Salies-de-Béarn to Pau Individual time trial 919 July Pau to Toulouse Stage with mountain(s) 20 July Toulouse Rest day 10a21 July Toulouse to Narbonne Plain stage 10b Narbonne to Béziers Individual time trial 10c Béziers to Montpellier Plain stage 1122 July Montpellier to Marseille Plain stage 12a23 July Marseille to Saint-Raphaël Plain stage 12b Saint-Raphaël to Monaco Plain stage 1324 July Monaco to Monaco Stage with mountain(s) 1425 July Monaco to Digne Plain stage 1526 July Digne to Briançon Stage with mountain(s) 16a27 July Briançon to Briançon Stage with mountain(s) 16b Bonneval to Bourg-Saint-Maurice Mountain time trial 16c Bourg-Saint-Maurice to Annecy Plain stage 28 July Annecy Rest day 17a29 July Annecy to Dôle Stage with mountain(s) 17b Dôle to Dijon Individual time trial 18a30 July Dijon to Troyes Plain stage 18b Troyes to Paris Plain stage Total

Race overview

In the first stage, regional Amedée Fournier won the sprint of a group of nine cyclists, and was the first cyclist in 1939 to wear the yellow jersey. In the next stage, Romain Maes, who had finished in the same group as Fournier, won the time trial, and captured the lead. He lost it in the second part of that stage, when a group got away. Three regional riders were now on top of the general classification, led by Jean Fontenay.

René Vietto, leader of the regional South-East team, was in second place. In the fourth stage, Vietto got into the winning break, and took over the lead, closesly followed by Mathias Clemens on six seconds.

In the ninth stage, the single Pyrenees stage of 1939, Edward Vissers attacked instead of helping his team leader Sylvère Maes. Vissers won the stage, but Vietto was able to stay with Maes. Maes climbed to the second place in the general classification, three minutes behind Vietto.

Maes was able to win back a little time, and just before the Alps were climbed from stage 15 on, Vietto was still leading, with Maes still in second place, two minutes behind. Sylvère Maes attacked on that stage, and Vietto was not able to follow. Vietto finished 17 minutes behind Maes, and lost the lead. The next stage was split in three split stages. In the first part, Vietto was able to stay close to Maes, but in the second part, the individual mountain time trial, Maes won ten minutes on Vietto. Maes was now leading with a margin of 27 minutes, and the victory seemed secure.

In the last stages, Maes was able to extend his lead with a few more minutes. Maes became the winner, with a margin of more than half an hour.

Classification leadership and minor prizes

The time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey. Of the 79 cyclists that started the race, 49 finished.

For the mountains classification, 10 mountains were selected by the Tour organisation. The mountains classification in 1939 was won by Sylvère Maes. The first cyclist to reach the top received 10 points, the second cyclist 9 points, and so on until the tenth cyclist who received 1 point.

The team classification was calculated in 1939 by adding up the times of the best three cyclists of a team; the team with the least time was the winner. In 1939, there were ten teams of eight cyclists. There were the national teams of Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, and France. Belgium also sent a second team, "Belgium B". Finally, there were four regional French teams: North-East, West, South-West and South-East. The South-West team was registered with eight cyclist, but only seven cyclists started the race. Only two of the South-West cyclists finished the race, so they were not in the team classification.

+Classification leadership by stage Stage Winner General classification Mountains classification Team classification 1 Romain Maes Amédée Fournier no award Belgium A 2a Éloi Tassin Romain Maes 2b Pierre Cloarec Jean Fontenay France-West 3 Raymond Louviot 4 Amédée Fournier René Vietto 5 Lucien Storme 6a Edmond Pagès 6b Raymond Passat 7 Marcel Kint Belgium B 8a Karl Litschi 8b Edward Vissers 9 Pierre Jaminet Edward Vissers 10a Pierre Jaminet 10b Maurice Archambaud 10c Maurice Archambaud 11 Fabien Galateau 12a François Neuens 12b Maurice Archambaud 13 Pierre Gallien 14 Pierre Cloarec 15 Sylvère Maes Sylvère Maes 16a Pierre Jaminet 16b Sylvère Maes Sylvère Maes 16c Antoon van Schendel 17a François Neuens 17b Maurice Archambaud 18a René Le Grevès 18b Marcel Kint FinalSylvère Maes Sylvère Maes Belgium B

Final standings

General classification

+ Final general classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Time1 Belgium 132h 03' 17"2 South-East + 30' 38"3 Belgium B + 32' 08"4 Luxembourg + 36' 09"5 Belgium + 38' 05"6 France + 45' 16"7 Belgium B + 46' 54"8 Netherlands + 48' 01"9 Belgium B + 48' 27"10 Belgium B + 49' 44" Final general classification (11–49) Rank Rider Team Time 11 France + 55' 55" 12 South-West + 57' 23" 13 France + 1h 02' 05" 14 Ile de France/North East + 1h 06' 24" 15 Netherlands + 1h 10' 01" 16 Ile de France/North East + 1h 10' 22" 17 Ile de France/North East + 1h 13' 33" 18 Luxembourg + 1h 19' 07" 19 France + 1h 23' 53" 20 Luxembourg + 1h 24' 48" 21 Belgium B + 1h 26' 59" 22 South-East + 1h 28' 59" 23 South-West + 1h 35' 24" 24 South-East + 1h 46' 01" 25 France + 1h 47' 47" 26 Belgium + 2h 04' 42" 27 Belgium + 2h 15' 24" 28 Netherlands + 2h 15' 34" 29 France + 2h 16' 58" 30 Switzerland + 2h 18' 38" 31 West + 2h 19' 48" 32 West + 2h 21' 19" 33 South-East + 2h 23' 45" 34 Belgium + 2h 24' 35" 35 France + 2h 37' 54" 36 South-East + 2h 38' 04" 37 South-East + 2h 46' 15" 38 Netherlands + 2h 51' 06" 39 Netherlands + 2h 53' 19" 40 Ile de France/North East + 3h 07' 02" 41 Switzerland + 3h 14' 40" 42 Luxembourg + 3h 15' 54" 43 West + 3h 16' 59" 44 Switzerland + 3h 19' 33" 45 West + 3h 35' 53" 46 Netherlands + 3h 44' 16" 47 Ile de France/North East + 4h 01' 56" 48 South-East + 4h 18' 46" 49 West + 4h 26' 39"

Mountains classification

+ Mountains in the mountains classificationStage RiderHeightMountain range Winner 9AubisquePyreneesEdward Vissers 9TourmaletPyreneesEdward Vissers 9AspinPyreneesEdward Vissers 13BrausAlps-MaritimesSylvère Maes 15AllosAlpsEdward Vissers 15VarsAlpsEdward Vissers 15IzoardAlpsSylvère Maes 16aGalibierAlpsDante Gianello 16IseranAlpsSylvère Maes 17aFaucilleAlpsSylvère Maes

+ Final mountains classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Points1 Belgium 862 Belgium 843 Belgium B 714 France 615 South-East 225 Luxembourg 227 France 188 North-East 179 North-East 169 South-East 16

Team classification

+ Final team classification (1–9) Rank Team Time1 Belgium B 398h 17' 20"2 France + 35' 47"3 Belgium + 36' 18"4 Luxembourg + 1h 12' 35"5 France North-East + 1h 23' 20"6 France South-East + 1h 38' 09"7 Netherlands + 2h 06' 07"8 France West + 5h 50' 37"9 Switzerland + 6h 45' 27"

Aftermath Although he did not win the race, René Vietto became a popular cyclist. He was the most popular runner-up in France until Raymond Poulidor.

The sales of the organising newspaper l'Auto had dropped to 164000, and the newspaper was sold to Raymond Patenôtre. A few months after Germany had conquered France in the Second World War, Patenôtre sold l'Auto to the Germans.

Directly after the Tour, the organisation announced the 1940 Tour de France would be run in 20 stages and five rest days. But the Second World War made it impossible to hold a Tour de France in the next years, although some replacing races were held. Only in 1947 would the Tour be held again, and Vietto would again play an important role then, holding the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification for 15 of the 21 stages.

The victory of Maes would be the last Belgian Tour victory for 30 years, until Eddy Merckx won the 1969 Tour de France.

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