The Government of the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Vabariigi Valitsus) is the cabinet of Estonia. Under the Constitution, it exercises executive power pursuant to the Constitution and laws of Estonia.

The cabinet carries out the country's domestic and foreign policy, shaped by parliament (Riigikogu); it directs and coordinates the work of government institutions and bears full responsibility for everything occurring within the authority of executive power. The government, headed by the Prime Minister, thus represents the political leadership of the country and makes decisions in the name of the whole executive power.

The following duties are attributed to the cabinet by the Constitution of Estonia:

executes the domestic and foreign policies of the state; directs and coordinates the activities of government agencies; administers the implementation of laws, resolutions of the Riigikogu (Parliament), and legislation of the President of the Republic of Estonia; introduces bills, and submits international treaties to the Riigikogu for ratification and denunciation; prepares the draft of the state budget and submits it to the Riigikogu, administers the implementation of the state budget and presents a report on the implementation of the state budget to the Riigikogu; issues regulations and orders on the basis of and for the implementation of law; manages relations with other states; performs other duties which the Constitution and the laws vest in the Government of the Republic.

Unlike other cabinets in most other parliamentary regimes, the Government is both the de jure and de facto executive authority in Estonia. In most other parliamentary regimes, the head of state is usually the nominal chief executive, though bound by convention to act on the advice of the cabinet. In Estonia, however, the Constitution explicitly vests executive authority in the Government, not the President.

Current cabinet

The current cabinet was approved by the Riigikogu on 23 July 2024.

The coalition agreed on 13 ministers in addition to the prime minister with six portfolios going to the Reform Party, four going to the Social Democrats and three to Estonia 200.

On 10 March 2025, Kristen Michal announced a "government repair" and expelled the Social Democrats from the coalition. The new cabinet consists of 13 members, eight from the Reform Party (including the prime minister) and five from Estonia 200. The new ministers of the government were sworn in on 25 March 2025.

Previous cabinets Estonian Provisional Government Number Government Term of office Days in office1 Konstantin Päts' first provisional cabinet24 February 1918 – 12 November 19182622 Konstantin Päts' second provisional cabinet12 November 1918 – 27 November 1918163 Konstantin Päts' third provisional cabinet27 November 1918 – 9 May 1919164

Constituent cabinets

Number Government Term of office Days in office4 Otto Strandman's first cabinet9 May 1919 – 18 November 19191945 Jaan Tõnisson's first cabinet18 November 1919 – 28 July 19202546 Ado Birk's cabinet28 July 1920 – 30 July 192037 Jaan Tõnisson's second cabinet30 July 1920 – 26 October 1920898 Ants Piip's cabinet26 October 1920 – 25 January 192192

Riigikogu cabinets Number Government Term of office Days in office9 Konstantin Päts' first cabinet25 January 1921 – 21 November 192266610 Juhan Kukk's cabinet21 November 1922 – 2 August 192325511 Konstantin Päts' second cabinet2 August 1923 – 26 March 192423812 Friedrich Karl Akel's cabinet26 March 1924 – 16 December 192426613 Jüri Jaakson's cabinet16 December 1924 – 15 December 192536514 Jaan Teemant's first cabinet15 December 1925 – 23 July 192622115 Jaan Teemant's second cabinet23 July 1926 – 4 March 192722516 Jaan Teemant's third cabinet4 March 1927 – 9 December 192728117 Jaan Tõnisson's third cabinet9 December 1927 – 4 December 192836218 August Rei's cabinet4 December 1928 – 9 July 192921819 Otto Strandman's second cabinet9 July 1929 – 12 February 193158420 Konstantin Päts' third cabinet12 February 1931 – 19 February 193237321 Jaan Teemant's fourth cabinet19 February 1932 – 19 July 193215222 Kaarel Eenpalu's first cabinet19 July 1932 – 1 November 193210623 Konstantin Päts' fourth cabinet1 November 1932 – 18 May 193319924 Jaan Tõnisson's fourth cabinet18 May 1933 – 21 October 193315725 Konstantin Päts' fifth cabinet21 October 1933 – 24 April 19381647

Presidents cabinet Number Government Term of office Days in office26 Kaarel Eenpalu's second cabinet9 May 1938 – 12 October 193952227 Jüri Uluots' cabinet12 October 1939 – 21 June 194025428 Otto Tief's cabinet (acting) 18 September 1944 – 25 September 19448

Cabinet-in exile Number Government Term of office Days in office29 Johannes Sikkar's cabinet 12 January 1953 – 22 August 1960278030 Aleksander Warma's cabinet 1 January 1962 – 29 March 196345331 Tõnis Kint's cabinet 1 March 1964 – 8 May 1971262532 Heinrich Mark's cabinet 8 May 1971 – 1 March 1990687333 Enno Penno's cabinet 20 June 1990 – 7 October 1992841

Restored Estonia Number Government Term of office Days in office34 Edgar Savisaar's Interim cabinet 3 April 1990 – 29 January 199266835 Tiit Vähi's first Interim cabinet 30 January 1992 – 21 October 199226636 Mart Laar's first cabinet21 October 1992 – 8 November 199474937 Andres Tarand's cabinet8 November 1994 – 17 April 199516138 Tiit Vähi's first cabinet17 April 1995 – 6 November 199520439 Tiit Vähi's second cabinet6 November 1995 – 17 March 199749840 Mart Siimann's cabinet17 March 1997 – 25 March 199973941 Mart Laar's second cabinet25 March 1999 – 28 January 2002104142 Siim Kallas' cabinet28 January 2002 – 10 April 200343843 Juhan Parts' cabinet10 April 2003 – 13 April 200573544 Andrus Ansip's first cabinet13 April 2005 – 5 April 200772345 Andrus Ansip's second cabinet5 April 2007 – 6 April 2011146346 Andrus Ansip's third cabinet6 April 2011 – 26 March 2014108647 Taavi Rõivas' first cabinet26 March 2014 – 9 April 201538048 Taavi Rõivas' second cabinet9 April 2015 – 23 November 2016 59449 Jüri Ratas' first cabinet23 November 2016 – 29 April 2019 886 50 Jüri Ratas' second cabinet29 April 2019 – 26 January 2021 60851 Kaja Kallas' first cabinet26 January 2021 – 18 July 2022 53752 Kaja Kallas' second cabinet18 July 2022 – 17 April 202327353 Kaja Kallas' third cabinet17 April 2023 – 23 July 202446354 Kristen Michal's cabinetIncumbent

References

Sources Estonica : State : Government: Previous cabinets

External links The Government of the Republic of Estonia