A voiceless palatal lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in a few spoken languages. This sound is somewhat rare; Dahalo has both a palatal lateral fricative and an affricate; Hadza has a series of palatal lateral affricates. In Bura, it is the realization of palatalized and contrasts with .
The extensions to the IPA transcribes this sound with the letter ( with a belt, analogous to for the voiceless alveolar lateral fricative), which was added to Unicode in 2021. Some scholars also posit a voiceless palatal lateral approximant distinct from the fricative. The approximant may be represented in the IPA as .
If distinction is necessary, a voiceless alveolo-palatal lateral fricative may be transcribed as (retracted and palatalized ) or as advanced ; these are essentially equivalent. The approximant also occurs and can be represented as or .
Features Features of the voiceless palatal lateral fricative:
Occurrence Palatal Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Bura Contrasts with /l, ʎ, ɬ, ɮ, ʎ̝̊/. Dahalo 'leaf' Contrasts with and Faroese 'jaw' Allophone of . See Faroese phonology Inupiaq 'pickaxe' Alveolo-palatal; also described as an approximant. Contrasts with voiceless and voiced and . 'because it did not appear' Kumeyaay 'skunk' Rare in word-initial position. Contrasts with voiceless and voiced and .Mochica17th centuryAlternative realizations have been proposed. Shifted to in the 18th and 19th centuries. Norwegian Trondheim subdialect of Trøndersk 'everything, all' Allophone of before . See Norwegian phonology Some subdialects of Trøndersk 'acting silly' According to some scholars,Such as An example of a scholar disagreeing with this position is . On page 15, she provides a phoneme chart for Trøndersk, in which is included. Under the phoneme chart she writes "Vanvik also lists as an underlying phoneme, but that’s ridiculous." She provides no further explanation for that. it is a phoneme that contrasts with (as in 'softwood'.) See Norwegian phonology Scottish Gaelic 'woods' Allophone of before . Turkish 'tongue' Devoiced allophone of alveolo-palatal , frequent finally and before voiceless consonants. See Turkish phonology Xumi Lower 'spirit' Described as an approximant. Alveolo-palatal; contrasts with the voiced . Upper 'flavorless'
Post-palatal
Archi, a Northeast Caucasian language of Dagestan, has four voiceless palatal lateral fricatives: plain , labialized , fortis , and labialized fortis . Although clearly fricatives, these are further back than palatals in most languages, but further forward than velars in most languages, and might better be called post-palatal or pre-velar. Archi also has a voiced fricative, as well as a voiceless and several ejective lateral velar affricates, but no alveolar lateral fricatives or affricates.
Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Archi 'sea' Pre-velar.
Notes
References
See also Index of phonetics articles
External links