St Peter's College (legally The Anglican Church of Australia Collegiate School of Saint Peter) is an independent Anglican day and boarding school for boys in Adelaide, South Australia. It was founded in 1847 as the Church of England Collegiate School of South Australia, opening on 15 July in a schoolroom behind Holy Trinity Church on North Terrace. Classes moved to the present Hackney Road site in 1850.
The school teaches boys from Early Years to Year 12. Senior students may take the South Australian Certificate of Education (SACE) or the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme; St Peter's has been an authorised IB school since 1997. The main campus is at Hackney, and the school also has the Norm Howard Outdoor Education Centre at Finniss, near Lake Alexandrina.
The Big Quad precinct is listed on the South Australian Heritage Register. Former pupils include Nobel laureates Lawrence Bragg, Howard Florey and Robin Warren.
History
Foundation and early years, 1847–1878 On 24 February 1847, a group of colonists met at Holy Trinity Church to discuss establishing a proprietary school for boys. William James Woodcock and Marshall MacDermott were among the principal organisers; others involved included James Farrell, William Allen, William Wyatt and George Wright Hawkes. A deed of settlement was drawn up in March, and the proposed South Australia Proprietary School was renamed the Church of England Collegiate School of South Australia in May. The school opened on 15 July 1847 with 11 pupils and one teacher.
Augustus Short, the first Anglican Bishop of Adelaide, arrived in December 1847 with a £2,000 grant from the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. His chaplain, Theodore Wilson, became headmaster in January 1848. Short bought land at Hackney in January 1848. On 24 May 1849 he laid the foundation stone of the main building in the presence of Governor Sir Henry Edward Fox Young. The school was incorporated under the Saint Peter's Collegiate School Ordinance Act 1849. An amending Act in 1889 changed the formal name to the Church of England Collegiate School of St Peter.
Because the Trinity schoolroom was overcrowded, a separate schoolroom at Hackney was finished before the main building. Designed by Henry Stuckey, Big School Room opened on 23 January 1850 and classes moved there from North Terrace. Informal boarding had begun in 1848, when Wilson accommodated pupils at his city residence. Formal boarding at Hackney dates from 1853, when boarders moved into the Main Building, later called Old School House.
Wilson resigned in 1851. Samuel Allom and Edmund Jenkins were acting heads before George Henry Farr arrived in 1854. Farr remained headmaster until 1878. The chapel nave opened in 1864, and Old School House was extended in 1870.
Expansion, 1879–1919 Farr was followed by William Stanford, Francis Williams and Philip Raynor. Their terms ran from 1879 to 1881, 1882 to 1889 and 1890 to 1893 respectively. The first St Peter's School Magazine appeared in June 1884. The motto Pro Deo et Patria ("For God and Country") was adopted in 1890, and a cadet corps was established in 1900.
Henry Girdlestone was headmaster from 1894 to 1915. Enrolment rose from about 170 to 475 during his term. He co-founded a school mission at St Mary Magdalene's Church in 1908, and a separate Preparatory School opened in 1910. T. Ainslie Caterer was acting headmaster from 1916 to 1919. Memorial Hall and the Big Quad cloisters were later built as war memorials.
Interwar and wartime years, 1920–1945 Julian Bickersteth became headmaster in 1920. He made games compulsory and introduced a house system. The first four houses later became Da Costa, Farrell, Hawkes and Short.
Memorial Hall was built in memory of members of the school community who served in the First World War. Governor Sir Archibald Weigall laid the foundation stone in 1921, and the hall opened on 22 September 1929.
Guy Pentreath, headmaster from 1934 to 1943, added or expanded music, art, woodwork and engineering in the curriculum. A building program in 1935–36 produced a new headmaster's residence, a new boarding house, changing rooms and alterations around the Big Quad. The 1878 gymnasium became Da Costa Dining Hall, and Big School Room became the school library. MacDermott and Woodcock houses were added in 1937.
During the Second World War the engineering workshop made munitions components and an Air Training Corps was added to the cadet corps. Pentreath returned to England in 1943; John Holroyd Hill was acting headmaster in 1944–45.
Post-war years, 1946–1978 Colin Gordon became headmaster in 1946 and was the first layman to hold the post. The school then had about 700 pupils. Gordon recruited new staff, appointed a full-time psychologist for educational guidance and changed the senior curriculum and assessment system.
The college bought Athelney House in 1952; it later became part of a boarding complex. The Cedric Hayward Memorial Gates were dedicated in 1953. The Memorial Arch and western and southern cloisters in the Big Quad followed in 1957.
The Rev. John Stephen Corfield Miller succeeded Gordon in 1961. During Miller's term the Senior School grew by about one fifth and 21 major building projects were completed. Curriculum changes included agricultural courses and Indonesian, and arts and classical studies received greater attention. Howard and Young houses were created in 1963.
New School House ceased to be a boarding house in 1971 and was renamed the Pentreath Building in 1976. The Miller Library opened in 1977, ending Big School Room's use as the main library.
Since 1978 The St Peter's College Foundation was established in 1985 during Tony Shinkfield's headmastership. On 2 December that year a fire badly damaged Memorial Hall. The exterior walls survived, and the rebuilt hall was opened by South Australian Governor Sir Donald Dunstan on 11 March 1988.
St Peter's became an authorised International Baccalaureate school in 1997. School House at Athelney closed as a boarding residence in 2002, and School & Allen House began operating the following year after the enlargement of Wyatt & Allen House. The Burchnall Sports Centre opened in 2003.
A whole-school positive-education program developed during Simon Murray's headmastership. Psychologist Martin Seligman worked at the school in 2012. The program was discussed in a 2012 case study and a 2015 edited volume on positive education.
The Junior School was redeveloped in 2010. The Pentreath Building was converted for Years 7 and 8 and opened in that role in 2016. The Big Quad precinct was entered on the South Australian Heritage Register in 2016. Tim Browning became the school's 15th headmaster in 2018. The Big Quad and Big School Room were redeveloped in 2021–22. The new Year 12 College and other rooms around the quadrangle were formally opened on 29 July 2022, during the school's 175th-anniversary Founders' Day observance.
Benefactions and endowments Early benefactors included William Allen and James Farrell. Allen gave about £7,000 and land to the school. Farrell left the residue of his estate, valued at £15,700, to the college.
Benjamin Mendes da Costa left his South Australian real estate to the school, subject to life interests held by ten relatives. The last beneficiary died in 1910 and the property passed to the school in 1912. A house, the dining hall and a scholarship bear his name.
Scholarships are documented at St Peter's from at least 1869. The St Peter's College Foundation, founded in 1985, raises money for scholarships and building projects. The 175-Year Anniversary Scholarship was established after the school's first Giving Day in 2021.
Governance and Anglican identity St Peter's is governed by a Council of Governors under the school's Act and statutes. The Archbishop of Adelaide is an ex officio governor and president of the Council. The Saint Peter's Collegiate School Ordinance Act 1849 remains an Act of limited application in South Australia.
The school is Anglican and admits students of other faiths or none. Its stated values are Truth, Respect and Service. Senior School students attend chapel and study Theology and Philosophy, which covers Christianity, other religions and Western philosophy. The School Chaplain is the Rev. Dr Theo McCall.
Headmasters The school numbers its substantive headmasters and does not include acting appointments in that sequence.
+ Headmasters of St Peter's College, Adelaide Ordinal Officeholder Term 1 Rev. Theodore Wilson 1848–1850 2 Rev. George Farr 1854–1878 3 Rev. William Stanford 1879–1881 4 Rev. Francis Williams 1882–1889 5 Rev. Philip Edwin Raynor 1890–1893 6 Rev. Henry Girdlestone 1894–1915 7 Rev. Julian Bickersteth 1920–1933 8 Rev. Guy Pentreath 1934–1943 9 Colin Gordon 1946–1960 10 Rev. John Miller 1961–1978 11 Dr Tony Shinkfield 1978–1992 12 Richard Burchnall 1992–2004 13 Philip Grutzner 2005–2010 14 Simon Murray 2010–2017 15 Tim Browning 2018–present
Acting headmasters have included Samuel Allom (1851–1853), Edmund Jenkins (1853–1854), T. Ainslie Caterer (1916–1919), John Holroyd Hill (1944–1945), R. E. Cameron, F. H. Schubert and Ben Hanisch. Cameron acted in 1945 and 1952, and Schubert acted as headmaster on six occasions. Hanisch was acting headmaster in the second half of 2017.
Emblem and motto
Engraver Samuel Calvert designed the school's first emblem in 1849. Based on the emblem of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, it showed a robed female figure representing wisdom, with a crucifix and a light. The design carried the school's Latin name and the date 1849.
The Council of Governors adopted a new crest and the motto Pro Deo et Patria ("For God and Country") in 1890. The present crest has a blue shield with crossed gold keys and a bishop's mitre. The keys refer to Saint Peter and the mitre to the school's Anglican connection.
Campus and heritage
The main campus occupies about on Hackney Road, about from the Adelaide city centre. A government heritage survey records that neighbouring land was laid out as "College Town" in 1849; the later suburb names College Park and St Peters continued the association with the school.
Early Years and Junior School facilities are at the southern end of the campus. Years 7 and 8 are based in the Pentreath Building, and Years 9–12 use the Senior School precinct. The grounds have seven ovals, a hockey pitch, ten tennis courts, swimming pools, gymnasiums and specialist teaching and performing-arts facilities.
Heritage precinct The Big Quad precinct was entered on the South Australian Heritage Register on 7 December 2016 (State Heritage ID 26457). The registered place includes Old School House, Big School Room, the chapel, Memorial Hall, Da Costa Dining Hall, cloisters and the Jury Memorial Fountain.
Big School Room opened in 1850 and was the first completed building at Hackney. It was the Stow Memorial Library from 1938 until the Miller Library opened in 1977, and it has also been used for classes, examinations, debates and school gatherings. The school claims that it is the oldest classroom still in use in Australia. Old School House developed from the Main Building begun in 1849. By 1857 it housed staff and boarders; extensions followed in 1870 and 1897.
The present chapel was designed by Edward Hamilton. Its foundation stone was laid in 1861 and the nave opened in 1864. The chancel and roof flèche were completed in 1873, with an organ chamber added in 1877 and a vestry in 1878. Major renovations took place in 1912 and 1987.