Ardhanagari (also: Arddhanagari, Bhatachhari, or Bhattachari), an abugida, was a mixture of Nagari, used in Malwa, particularly Ujjain, and Siddha Matrika or the Siddham script, a variant of the Sharada script used in Kashmir.Walter H. Maurer. “On the Name Devanāgarī.” Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 96, no. 1, 1976, pp. 101–04. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/599893. Accessed 15 Aug. 2026. Retrieved via: https://www.jstor.org/stable/599893 In northwest India, the script was used in Bathinda, Sindh, and Western Punjab. It is one of the proponent scripts that Gurmukhi is theorized as being derived from, which is argued by G. B. Singh. The script was mentioned by Al-Biruni:
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