Multijet is a Fiat and General Motors joint venture, established in 1996, to manufacture diesel engines with turbo and common rail direct injection technology. Vehicles under dozens of brands have been equipped with Multijet engines. Ownership of some Fiat Multijet designs is shared with General Motors as part of a settlement of the failed merger between the two auto conglomerates. The GM Powertrain Torino group in Turin, Italy, manages its interest in these engines. Some PSA Peugeot Citroën diesel engines are also rebadged JTD units, and vice versa. Fiat's common-rail diesel engine is also known as JTD, an initialism of UniJet Turbo Diesel.
Characteristics The main improvement that distinguishes the Multijet from previous generations of common-rail diesel engines from FCA is the combustion process of the fuel, which is split into multiple injections, thus allowing for a more complete, quieter combustion in the cylinder. Compared to the first-generation JTD engines (Unijet system), which only featured a smaller pilot and a larger main injection, Multijet is capable of up to five injections per combustion cycle which enables better, more efficient cold running, better performance especially in the lower rev-range, quieter operation, as well as even lower consumption and emissions. The time between injections has been reduced to 150 microseconds while the minimal injection quantity has been reduced from two to less than one microlitre. This enables even mid-sized sedans like the Alfa Romeo 156 and Lancia Lybra equipped with the 1.9L JTD to achieve fuel economy upwards of on country roads and highways while offering an equal amount of torque as the 3.0L 24V V6 engine. A sophisticated electronic control unit controls the injection and changes the injection logic and number of injections based on a multitude of parameters, most importantly revolutions per minute of the engine, engine torque requested by the driver and the temperature of the coolant. The injection pressure of the diesel fuel on the second-generation Multijet is limited to between on the 1.3 Multijet and on the 2.4 Multijet 20V.
Multijet II In 2009, Fiat Powertrain introduced the third generation of this technology, called Multijet II. With its new and innovative injectors, with a hydraulically balanced solenoid valve, and even higher injection pressure of , it is capable of even more precise controlling of the injected diesel fuel, injecting it in a quicker and more flexible manner. It enables up to eight consecutive injections per combustion cycle and implemented Injection Rate Shaping technology, which provides two very close pilot injections making the fuel delivery more continuous and modulated. This results in an engine that is quiet and has a smoother operation, lower emissions, better fuel mileage and higher performance compared to the previous generation.
Automotive engines 0.9
A 3-cylinder variant, (called XSDE, Xtra Smart Diesel Engine) or Smartech Diesel, was introduced in 2011. Co-developed by GM Powertrain Torino and the GM Technical Center India for the Indian market, the engine is rated at of power and of torque.
Applications: 2011–2017 Chevrolet Beat (India)
1.3 JTDm/Multijet/CDTI/D/DDiS/HDi
A small 1248cc/1.2L version (called the SDE, Small Diesel Engine and referred to as a "1.3") was introduced in February 2003. It is produced in Bielsko-Biała, Poland; in Ranjangaon, Pune, India, by the Fiat India Automobiles and Tata Motors joint venture plant, since 2008; and by Maruti Suzuki in Gurgaon, Haryana, India, since 2012. The Multijet 75 PS version was chosen in 2005 as the International Engine of the Year in the 1-litre to 1.4-litre category. There are five versions of this engine: a and a (used in the Punto, Panda, Doblo, Palio, Albea, Idea, 500; Opel Corsa, Combo, Meriva; Suzuki Ritz, Swift; and Tata Indica Vista), a (used in the Fiat 500L and Fiat Doblo), a variable inlet geometry (used in the Fiat Grande Punto, Linea; Opel Corsa, Astra; Suzuki Ertiga, SX4; Tata Indigo Manza and Alfa Romeo MiTo) and a from the Multijet II generation, and a available on the Lancia Ypsilon. The torques are , , and . At the time of launch, this was the smallest four-cylinder diesel engine available and it had a fuel consumption of in some applications. The engine is able to meet Euro IV emission standards without the use of a diesel particulate filter. In January 2008, Tata Motors introduced the new Indica Vista model, which features a new Quadrajet branded version of this engine. The second generation Ford Ka uses 1.2 Multijet named as Duratorq TDCi. In GM nomenclature, it is called Small Diesel Engine (SDE).
During 2009, Fiat launched a new generation badged Multijet II, with a new injection management system (up to 8 injections per cycle, instead of 5) and able to meet Euro V emission standards. It is available with several power outputs, from , with fixed geometry turbocharger, to , with variable geometry turbocharger.
As of 2013, more than 5 million 1.2 MultiJet engines had been produced. In January 2020, the production of the 1.2 Multijet ended in India, in both the Maruti Suzuki plant and the Fiat-Tata JV, as the BS6 emission regulations came into effect in the country from 1 April 2020. Fiat-Tata built a total of 800,048 engines over 12 years.
Applications FCA Alfa Romeo MiTo Fiat 500 Fiat 500L Fiat 500X Fiat Albea Fiat Doblò Fiat Fiorino Fiat Grande Punto Fiat Idea Fiat Linea Fiat Palio Fiat Panda Fiat Punto Fiat Qubo Fiat Strada Fiat Tipo (2015) Lancia Musa Lancia Ypsilon
General Motors Chevrolet Aveo Chevrolet Spark Chevrolet Spin Daewoo Matiz Daewoo Gentra Opel Agila Opel Astra H Opel Astra J Opel Combo C Opel Combo D Opel Corsa C Opel Corsa D Opel Corsa E Opel Meriva Opel Tigra TwinTop
PSA Citroën Nemo Peugeot Bipper Suzuki Suzuki Baleno Suzuki Ciaz Suzuki Dzire Suzuki Ertiga Suzuki Ignis Suzuki Splash Suzuki Swift Suzuki SX4 Sedan Suzuki SX4 S-Cross Suzuki Vitara Brezza
Tata Motors Tata Bolt Tata Indica Vista Tata Indigo Manza Tata Zest Others DFSK Super Cab (Indonesia) Ford Ka (2008) Premier Rio
1.6 JTDm/Multijet
In 2006 Fiat Powertrain announced a downsized version of the 1.9 16V Multijet, a new 1.6L 16V Multijet (1,598 cc) with two power levels of , , and to replace the still-used 1.9L 8-valve engine. The torques are , , and .
Applications FCA Alfa Romeo Mito Alfa Romeo Giulietta (2010) Alfa Romeo Tonale Fiat 500L Fiat 500X Fiat Bravo (2007) Fiat Doblò Fiat Punto Fiat Idea Fiat Linea Fiat Tipo (2015) Jeep Renegade Jeep Compass Lancia Delta (2008) Lancia Musa General Motors Opel Combo D
Suzuki Suzuki Vitara (2015) Suzuki SX4 S-Cross (from 2013)
1.9 JTD/JTDm/Multijet
The most common JTD engine is the 1.9 L straight-4 found on various brands and models. The first car that used this engine was the Alfa Romeo 156 in 1997 (), making it the world's first common-rail diesel passenger car. In 1999, it was introduced in the Fiat Brava, Bravo and Marea range, as well as in the Fiat Punto JTD with a smaller, fixed-geometry turbocharger and . There were also , , , and versions available. The engine block weighs approximately and the cylinder head features an overhead camshaft with directly actuated valves. The Multijet second generation features an advanced common-rail system and is available with seven different power outputs. The 8-valve version has , , or and the 16-valve version has , , , or . Except for the 101 PS Multijet, all engines feature a variable-geometry turbocharger. Opel also uses a version of this engine. Their CDTI engine, manufactured in Pratola Serra, Italy and Kaiserslautern, Germany, is the product of the half-decade joint venture between GM and Fiat. It is used in the Vectra, Signum, Astra, Zafira, Cadillac BLS and Suzuki SX4 as well as some Saabs marked as TiD and TTiD (twin-turbo version).
Applications FCA Alfa Romeo 145 Alfa Romeo 146 Alfa Romeo 147 Alfa Romeo 156 Alfa Romeo 159 Alfa Romeo GT Fiat Bravo Fiat Brava Fiat Croma II Fiat Doblò Fiat Grande Punto Fiat Marea Fiat Multipla Fiat Punto Fiat Idea Fiat Sedici Fiat Stilo Fiat Strada Lancia Delta Lancia Lybra Lancia Musa
General Motors Cadillac BLS Opel Astra H Opel Signum Opel Vectra C Opel Zafira B Saab 9-3 Saab 9-5
Suzuki Suzuki SX4
Others Alenia Aeronautica Sky-Y DR5
SAIC Motor MG 6
Twin Turbo
Fiat Powertrain Technologies released information about a new two stage turbo (twin turbo) version of this engine in summer 2007, which is available with two power levels, one producing and one , both with a maximum torque output of at 2000 rpm. The 180 PS version production started summer 2007. The engine weighs approximately . This engine will be sold both to Fiat Group Automobiles and other brands, but the version is reserved only for Fiat Group Automobiles.
Applications Cadillac BLS Lancia Delta Saab 9-3
2.0 JTDm/Multijet II
A new 2 litre (1,956 cc, 83 mm bore, 90.4 mm stroke) Multijet diesel was introduced in third generation Lancia Delta in summer 2008. Rye first version produced . For 2009, the engine was fitted to the Alfa Romeo 159 as a variant. Fiat Sedici, Suzuki SX4 and the new Fiat Doblò generation use a variant of this engine. GM Powertrain separately developed their diesel engines based on 1.9 JTD, after end of the GM and Fiat partnership. First was the version for Astra and Insignia, which was later upgraded to 165 PS for Astra (163 PS in restyled version of Insignia), and less powerful versions for Insignia, with 110 PS and 130 PS. In 2011, GM Powertrain Europe developed a new derivative - the twin-turbocharger BiTurbo version, with , which is used in the Insignia and, starting in 2013, in the Astra J. Internally, the new engine is referred to as GM Ecotec Family B engine. The same engine was also available in the 2011 Saab 9–5 with 160 PS and 190 PS twin-turbo. In 2013, Opel introduced cleaner and more fuel efficient versions of the 2.0 CDTI engine and the ecoFLEX version, with 99 g/km of CO2 and 120 PS (140 PS for Insignia).
Applications FCA Alfa Romeo Giulietta (2010) Alfa Romeo 159 Fiat Bravo (2007) Fiat Doblò Fiat Ducato Fiat Freemont Fiat Sedici Fiat Toro Fiat 500X Jeep Compass Jeep Cherokee Jeep Commander/Meridian Jeep Renegade Lancia Delta III
General Motors
2014–2015 Chevrolet Cruze (NA) 2016-2017 Chevrolet Captiva (KOR) 2013-2015 Chevrolet Malibu Daewoo Lacetti Opel Antara Opel Astra J (single and twin turbo) Opel Cascada (single and twin turbo) Opel Insignia (single and twin turbo) Opel Zafira Tourer (single and twin turbo) Saab 9-5 (single and twin turbo) 2020 Cadillac XT4 (EU market)
SAIC Motor MG Hector Suzuki Suzuki SX4 Tata Motors Tata Harrier
2.2 JTDm/Multijet II
The 2.2 Multijet II (2,184 cc) was introduced by Fiat Chrysler in mid-2015.YouTube: (1) NEW JEEP CHEROKEE 2.2 MULTIJET 2015 - PREMIÈRE AND FIRST TEST DRIVE - YouTube, accessdate: 19. June 2019 These engines produce with of torque at 2500 rpm in the Jeep Cherokee. It is a member of Fiat's Pratola Serra modular engine family and was developed to offer more torque in the low-rev range compared to the 2.0L Multijet. This engine further improves the existing 2.0 Multijet in various areas, such as a higher injection pressure (2,000 Bar instead of 1,600 Bar) with Injector Rate Shaping, an oil pump with variable displacement and counterbalance-shafts to reduce noises and vibrations. This engine meets Euro 6 emission norms without the use of diesel exhaust fluid injection. A 2.2 Multijet III (2,184 cc) was introduced by Stellantis on the Fiat Ducato in 2021 with 4 power outputs: 120, 140, 160, & 180 hp. It also meets Euro 6 emissions standards.
A further development of this engine with a 2,143 cc displacement, and a die-cast Aluminium block, is used in the Alfa Romeo Giulia (952), Alfa Romeo Stelvio, and Jeep Wrangler (JL).