Antioch is the third-most populous city in Contra Costa County, California, United States. The city is located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area along the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta. The city's population was 115,291 at the 2020 census. The city has grown substantially more diverse since the 1970s.
History
Early history Antioch is one of the oldest towns in the region. The town has been variously named East Antioch, Smith's Landing,Both and Marsh's Landing, prior to its current name.
In 1848, John Marsh, owner of Rancho Los Méganos, one of the largest ranches in California, built a landing on the San Joaquin River in what is now Antioch. It became known as Marsh's Landing, and was the shipping point for the rancho. It included a pier extending well out into the river, enabling vessels drawing of water to tie up there in any season of the year. The landing also included a slaughterhouse, a smokehouse for curing hams, rodeo grounds, and a -story dwelling, embellished with fretwork, that was brought around the Horn to serve as a home for the mayordomo and his wife.Lyman, George D. John Marsh, Pioneer: The Life Story of a Trail-Blazer on Six Frontiers, pp. 280-1, The Chautauqua Press, Chautauqua, New York, 1931.
In 1849, twin brothers Rev. William Wiggins Smith and Rev. Joseph Horton Smith sailed from Boston, purchased land from John Marsh and founded a town slightly west of Marsh's Landing, and named it Smith's Landing. During the town picnic on July 4, 1851, William, the town's new minister, persuaded the residents to change the name of the town to Antioch, for the biblical city of Antioch, "in as much as the first settlers were disciples of Christ, and one of them had died and was buried on the land, that it be given a Bible name in his honor, and suggested 'Antioch' (an ancient Syrian town where two important rivers meet and where the followers of Christ were first called Christians), and by united acclamation it was so christened."
Around 1859, coal was discovered in several places in the hills south of Antioch, and coal mining formed the first substantial business apart from farming and dairying for the inhabitants of this community. This new industry resulted in the founding of the towns of Nortonville, Somersville, Stewartville, and Black Diamond (now Pittsburg), and added greatly to the economic activity of the Antioch area. The Empire Coal Company was formed by John C. Rouse and George Hawxhurst in 1876, which built a railroad that passed from Antioch toward the mines over what is now "F Street" (formerly Kimball Street). However, later on, both the mine and the railroad passed into the hands of the Belshaw brothers. The mines have long since ceased operation, and the railroad tracks have been dug up, though the building that served as the Antioch terminus of the railroad still stands on the corner of F Street and Fourth Street, and the grading and trestles still remain much as they were in those early days.
In 1863, a great excitement arose over the discovery of copper ore near Antioch. Smelting works were built at Antioch, and the ore fetched $15 to $25 per ton. The copper bubble eventually burst, to the dismay of the citizens, and petroleum was first drilled for near Antioch in 1865, but not enough oil was found to make a decent profit.
The Antioch Post Office was opened in 1851, closed in 1852, reopened in 1855, closed again in 1862, and has operated continuously since reopening in 1863. The city of Antioch was incorporated in 1872.
The city's historic Chinese community, which was forcibly segregated,Pfaelzer, Jean, Driven Out: The Forgotten War Against Chinese Americans, 90-91 (Random House New York 2007) was estimated to number in the hundreds in the late 1800s. The city's early history included banning Chinese residents from walking the streets after sundown. In 1876, the Chinatown was burned down due to arson; the fire department refused to put out the fire.Driven Out at 90-91; ABC7 April 14, 2021 For nearly 100 years, virtually no Chinese lived in Antioch. The 1960 census showed that only 12 residents were Chinese.
Antioch is mainly a bedroom community, with most adults working in larger cities toward Oakland and San Francisco. The town has grown in the last 30 years, as the population of the Bay Area continues to grow, and real estate prices force families to move towards the outskirts of the Bay Area.
21st century
In January 2001, the Antioch Press was established by publisher and former Antioch Mayor Pro Tem and Councilman Allen Payton; he sold it in 2005 to the Brentwood Press and Publishing Company. Between 2001 and 2008, Gateway Generating Station was constructed in northern Antioch; the 530MW combined-cycle natural gas-fired power station, owned and operated by Pacific Gas & Electric, began providing power to customers in January 2009.
In late 2009, Antioch received significant media attention following the news of kidnap victim Jaycee Lee Dugard being discovered near the city limits, and became the focus of several news stories regarding its 1,000 registered sex offenders. The Los Angeles Times ran a story titled "Sex offenders move to Antioch area 'because they can'," The Independent ran a story titled "How Jessica's Law turned Antioch into a paedophile ghetto", and CNN's Anderson Cooper and Larry King both did similar stories for television; the latter with commentary by TV judge Judy Sheindlin. However, the Contra Costa Times and affiliated newspapers contradicted their claim: "Disturbing, if true. Only it's not, according to a Bay Area News Group analysis of sex offender addresses and census data." The report concluded that the 94509 zip code ranked only 39th in the state with 1.5 sex offenders per 1,000, with Oakland, San Francisco, San Jose, Bethel Island and Vallejo ZIP codes ranked in the top ten. Monte Rio ranked first with 4.5 per 1,000.Antioch not the sex offender rat's nest that media suggest, data show, By John Simerman, Contra Costa Times. Ranked in the top ten were Oakland (94612 4.4/k, 94607 3.1/1,000) San Francisco (94103 3.5/k, 94102 3.1/1,000) San Jose (95126 3.5/k, 95112 3.2/1,000), Bethel Island (94511 4.2/1,000), Vallejo (94590 3.3/1,000) Alviso (95002 2.8/1,000), and Monte Rio (95462), which ranked first with 4.5 per 1,000.
The city was attempting in 2012 to annex an adjacent 678-acre area of unincorporated land, which includes a GenOn Energy 760-megawatt power plant, to include the plant within city limits. In October 2010, Allen Payton returned to the news business and established the Antioch Herald, first online, then in May 2011 he began publishing a monthly print edition.
Increasingly tied to the greater economy of the San Francisco Bay Area, a Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) station opened in the city in May 2018.
Mayor Lamar Thorpe announced on April 14, 2021, that the city would establish a Chinatown historic district in the downtown and acknowledge the city's racist past.
Geography
Antioch is located along the San Joaquin River–Stockton Deepwater Shipping Channel at the western end of the San Joaquin–Sacramento River Delta.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and , comprising 2.57%, is water.
Climate Antioch has a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSk) with hot, dry summers, and mild winters with modest rainfall. There is a considerably higher degree of diurnal temperature variation in the summer than in the winter. Antioch's inland location lying in the border of the Central Valley and Bay Area results in hotter temperatures in the summer and colder nights in the winter in contrast to the rest of the Bay Area. However, its location on the delta allows for a slight maritime effect allowing for day time highs to be a few degrees cooler than the neighboring valley cities.
Demographics
+Antioch, California – Racial and ethnic compositionRace / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)Pop 2000Pop 2010% 2000% 2010White alone (NH)50,64436,49026,55455.94%35.64%23.03%Black or African American alone (NH)8,55117,04523,7219.45%16.65%20.18%Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)5134554190.57%0.44%0.36%Asian alone (NH)6,51010,32214,5707.19%10.08%12.64%Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH)3107431,4370.34%0.73%1.25%Other race alone (NH)1782518250.20%0.25%0.72%Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)3,8024,6306,2504.20%4.52%5.42%Hispanic or Latino (any race)20,02432,43641,96522.12%31.68%36.40%Total90,532102,372115,291100.00%100.00%100.00%
2020 The 2020 United States census reported that Antioch had a population of 115,291. The population density was . The racial makeup of Antioch was 28.4% White, 20.9% African American, 1.5% Native American, 13.0% Asian, 1.3% Pacific Islander, 20.8% from other races, and 14.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 36.4% of the population.
The census reported that 99.4% of the population lived in households, 0.4% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0.2% were institutionalized.
There were 35,548 households, out of which 39.7% included children under the age of 18, 48.9% were married-couple households, 7.3% were cohabiting couple households, 27.4% had a female householder with no partner present, and 16.4% had a male householder with no partner present. 17.0% of households were one person, and 7.2% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.22. There were 27,524 families (77.4% of all households).
The age distribution was 24.3% under the age of 18, 10.0% aged 18 to 24, 26.7% aged 25 to 44, 26.0% aged 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65years of age or older. The median age was 36.2years. For every 100 females, there were 94.8 males.
There were 36,749 housing units at an average density of , of which 35,548 (96.7%) were occupied. Of these, 60.3% were owner-occupied, and 39.7% were occupied by renters.
In 2023, the US Census Bureau estimated that 23.8% of the population were foreign-born. Of all people aged 5 or older, 62.8% spoke only English at home, 23.8% spoke Spanish, 3.6% spoke other Indo-European languages, 9.1% spoke Asian or Pacific Islander languages, and 0.7% spoke other languages. Of those aged 25 or older, 85.2% were high school graduates and 23.9% had a bachelor's degree.
The median household income in 2023 was $94,256, and the per capita income was $40,337. About 8.4% of families and 11.2% of the population were below the poverty line.
2010 The 2010 United States census reported that Antioch had a population of 102,372. The population density was . The racial makeup of Antioch was 50,083 (48.9%) White, 17,667 (17.3%) African American, 887 (0.9%) Native American, 10,709 (10.5%) Asian (5.7% Filipino, 1.4% Chinese, 0.9% Indian, 0.7% Vietnamese, 0.2% Korean, 0.2% Japanese, 0.1% Laotian, 0.1% Pakistani, 0.1% Cambodian), 817 (0.8%) Pacific Islander, 14,310 (14.0%) from other races, and 7,899 (7.7%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 32,436 persons (31.7%); 22.6% of Antioch is Mexican, 2.2% Salvadoran, 1.2% Nicaraguan, 1.2% Puerto Rican, 0.7% Peruvian, 0.4% Guatemalan, and 0.2% Cuban.
The Census reported that 101,708 people (99.4% of the population) lived in households, 404 (0.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 260 (0.3%) were institutionalized.