The following list enumerates Hindu monarchies in chronological order of establishment dates. These monarchies were widespread in South Asia since about 1500 BC, went into slow decline in the medieval times, with most gone by the end of the 17th century, although the last one, the Kingdom of Nepal, dissolved only in 2008.

Debate about early Indian history

The history of India up to (and including) the times of the Buddha, with his life generally placed into the 6th or 5th century BCE, is a subject of a major scholarly debate. The vast majority of historians in the Western world accept the theory of Aryan Migration with c. 1500–1200 BCE dates for the earliest texts of the Rigveda, following the decline of the Indus Valley Civilisation. The Indian scholars, on the other hand, are mostly supporters of the Indigenous Aryanism that declares the indigenous nature of the Indian civilization and the date for the earliest Rigvedas.

Early Indian history does not have an equivalent of chronicles like the ones established in the West by Herodotus in the 5th century BC or Kojiki / Nihongi in Japan. "With the single exception of Rajatarangini (History of Kashmir), there is no historical text in Sanskrit dealing with the whole or even parts of India" (R. C. Majumdar). While there are texts in Sanskrit, the Puranas, that profess to include the early Indian history, the Western scholars assume them to be compiled by brahmins in the 1st millennium CE, thus only being contemporary with the described facts from the time of the Guptas (3rd century CE). These texts are considered by Western scholars to be legendary, corresponding kingdoms are listed separately in the Puranic kings section.

Ancient dynasties

+Empire or Dynasty EstablishedDisestablishedCapital(s)Language(s)Today part ofMap Kuru kingdom2000 BCE350 BCEĀsandīvat, Hastinapura, IndraprasthaVedic Sanskrit, SanskritBrihadratha dynasty1700 BCE682 BCEGirivrajaVedic SanskritGopala Dynasty1500 BCE841 BCEPashupatinath Temple, Gaushala, KathmanduSanskritPundravardhana Kingdom1300 BCE345 BCEMahasthangarhPali, SanskritAnga Kingdom1100 BCE530 BCEChampaPrakrit, SanskritVidarbha Kingdom1100 BCE500 BCEKaundinyapurSanskritKhasa Kingdom1100 BCE500 BCEKedarnath ('Kedare-Khasa-Mandale')Sanskrit, Prakrit, Khas languagePanchala Kingdom1100 BCE350 CEAhichatra, KampilaSanskritMahisapala dynasty841 BCE679 BCEKathmanduSanskritGandhara Kingdom800 BCE535 BCEPuṣkalavati, Takṣaśilā, PuruṣapuraSanskritKingdom of Kosala700 BCE345 BCEShravasti, AyodhyaSanskritVajjika Leaguec. 6th century BCEc. 468 BCEVaishaliSanskritMatsya Kingdom700 BCE345 BCEViratNagarSanskritSurasena Kingdom700 BCE345 BCEMathuraSanskritAvanti Kingdom700 BCE300 BCEUjjayiniSanskritAsmaka Kingdom700 BCE300 BCEPotaliSanskritKingdom of Vatsa700 BCE345 BCEKauśāmbīSanskritKingdom of Kashi700 BCE345 BCEBanarasSanskritChedi Kingdom700 BCE345 BCESuktimatiSanskritPradyota dynasty682 BCE544 BCERajagrihaPrakrit, SanskritPandyan dynasty600 BCE1759 CEKorkai, Madurai, Tirunelveli, VizhinjamTamilChera Dynasty600 BCE1753 CEKarur, Kodungallur, KollamTamilHaryanka Dynasty554 BCE413 BCERajagriha, PataliputraPrakrit, Sanskrit Shishunaga dynasty413 BCE345 BCERajgir, Vaishali, PataliputraPrakrit, SanskritPaurava dynasty400 BCE301 BCESagala, MathuraSanskritChola dynasty400 BCE1540 CEThanjavur, Gangaikonda Cholapuram, PazhaiyaaraiTamilMalavas350 BCE650 CEVidishaSanskrit

Classical polities (c. 200s BCE – 500s CE)

+Empire or Dynasty EstablishedDisestablishedCapital(s)Language(s)Today part ofMap Kuninda Kingdom2nd century BCE3rd century CEsouthern areas of modern Himachal PradeshPrakrit, SanskritShunga Empire185 BCE75 BCEPataliputra, VidishaPrakrit, SanskritDeva Dynasty of Saketa150 BCE10 BCEAyodhyaSanskritSatavahana Empire100 BCE225 CEPratishthana, AmaravatiPrakrit, SanskritKanva Dynasty75 BCE30 BCEPataliputra or VidishaSanskritNorthern Satrap Dynasty60 BCE2nd century CESagala, MathuraPrakrit, SanskritChutu dynasty30 BCE280 CEBanavasiPrakritKushan Empire30 CE375 CEPuruṣapura, Takṣaśilā, MathuraGreek, Bactrian, Gandhari Prakrit, Hybrid SanskritWestern Satraps35 CE405 CEUjjain, BarygazaPali, Prakrit, SanskritFunan Empire50 CE550 CEVyadhapuraKhmer, SanskritNagvanshi Dynasty94 CE1952 CEKhukhragarh, NavratangarhPrakrit, NagpuriParataraja Kingdom125 CE300 CELoralaiPali, Prakrit, Sanskrit, ScythianLangkasuka Kingdom150 CE1475 CE -MalayKingdom of Gangga Negara150 CE1025 CEBeruasMalayKingdom of Champa192 CE1832 CEIndrapura, Vijaya, PandurangaChamic languages, SanskritAndhra Ikshvaku Dynasty200 CE275 CE Vijayapuri (Nagarjunakonda)Prakrit, Sanskrit, TeluguAbhira dynasty203 CE370 CEAnjaneri, Thalner, Prakashe, Bhamer, AsirgarhAhirani, Apabhraṃśa SanskritBharashiva Dynasty205 CE335 CEPadmavatiPrakrit, SanskritSoma Dynasty205 CE305 CEKathmanduSanskritGupta Empire240 CE550 CEPataliputraPrakrit, SanskritPaurava Dynasty (reinstated) Brahmapur SanskritPallava Empire275 CE897 CEKanchipuramTamil, Prakrit, SanskritLicchavi dynasty305 CE1200 CEKathmanduMaithili, Sanskrit, PrakritKataha330 CE1136 CEKatahaOld Malay, SanskritKadamba Dynasty345 CE525 CEBanavasiKannada, SanskritKingdom of Malwa (350–545)350 CE550 CEMandsaurSanskritKamarupa Kingdom350 CE1140 CEPragjyotishpura, Haruppeswara, DurjayaAssamese, Prakrit, SanskritTarumanagara Kingdom358 CE669 CESundapuraSundanese, SanskritKutai Martadipura399 CE1635 CEMuara KamanSanskrit, probably old version of Kutainese languageVishnukundina Dynasty420 CE624 CENalgonda, Eluru, AmaravatiSanskrit, Prakrit, TeluguSharabhapuriya Dynasty465 CE590 CESharabhapuraSanskritKingdom of Valabhi475 CE776 CEVallabhiApabhraṃśa, Prakrit, Sanskrit, Sauraseni

Early Medieval Period (c. 500s CE – c. 1200s CE)

+Empire or Dynasty EstablishedDisestablishedCapital(s)Language(s)Today part ofMap Kingdom of Thanesar500606 Thanesar Kannauj SanskritNala Kingdom515585PushkariSanskritRai Dynasty524632ArorSanskritChalukya Dynasty543753BadamiKannada, SanskritKalachuri Dynasty550620MahishmatiSanskritChenla Empire550802Shrestapura, Bhavapura, Isanapura, ShambhupuraKhmer, SanskritChahamana Dynasty5501194ShakambhariPrakrit, SanskritKalingga Kingdom550650 -Old Javanese, SanskritGauda Kingdom590626Karnasuvarna -Taank Kingdom600900Sagala -Panduvamshi Dynasty600790ShripuraSanskritEastern Chalukya Empire6241189Vengi, RajahmundrySanskrit, TeluguKarkota Empire625885Srinagar, Parihaspore SanskritBrahman Dynasty of Sindh632724 ArorSanskritSrivijaya Empire6501377Palembang, Chaiya, JambiOld Malay, SanskritGaluh Kingdom6691482KawaliSundanese, SanskritSunda Kingdom6691579Kawali, Pakuan PajajaranSundanese, SanskritKalachuri Tripuri Dynasty6751212TripuriPrakrit, SanskritGarhwal Kingdom 688 CE1949 CESrinagar, UttarakhandTehriNarendranagarGarhwali, Jaunsari, SanskritChavda Dynasty690942Panchasar, AṇahilaváḍaPrakritMallabhum Kingdom6941800Laugram, Pradyumnapur, BishnupurSanskrit, PrakritKatyuri kings (Karttikeyapur)700 CE1065 CEJoshimath later shifted to Baijnath, UttarakhandKhas, Sanskrit, PrakritChand kings 700 CE1790 CEChampawatKumaoni, Dotyali, NepaliLimbuwan7th Century CE1774Morang, BijaypurLimbu, Lepcha, MaithiliGurjara-Pratihara dynasty7301036KannaujPrakrit, SanskritMataram Kingdom7321006Mamratipura Old Javanese, SanskritSaindhava Dynasty735920BhutamabilikaPrakrit, SanskritTomara Dynasty7361151DelhiPrakrit, SanskritRashtrakuta Empire753982ManyakhetaKannada, SanskritKhmer Empire8021431Mahendraparvata, Hariharalaya, Koh Ker, YasodharapuraKhmer, SanskritChudasama Dynasty8251472Vamanasthali, JunagadhOld Gujarati, PrakritLater Chola Empire8481279Pazhaiyaarai, Thanjavur, Gangaikonda CholapuramTamilSomavamshi Dynasty8501150YayatinagaraSanskritYadava Dynasty8501334DevagiriKannada, Marathi, SanskritUtpala Dynasty8551003AvantipurSanskritHindu Shahi Dynasty8791026KabulSanskritBali Kingdom9141908Bedulu, Samprangan, Gelgel, KlungkungKawi, BalinesePagan Empire9401297PaganBurmese, Mon, PyuKingdom of Malwa9481305DharPrakrit, SanskritKhasa Malla kingdom9541450Sinja Valley, NepalKhas, Sanskrit, DotyaliWestern Chalukya Empire9731189Manyakheta, BasavakalyanKannada, SanskritRajahnate of Butuan10011756ButuanButuanon, Old MalayLohara Dynasty10031320SrinagarSanskritKingdom of Polonnaruwa10171310PolonnaruwaPali, SanskritKahuripan Kingdom10191045KahuripanOld Javanese, SanskritHoysala Empire10261343Halebidu, BelurKannada, SanskritJanggala Kingdom10451136Hujung GaluhOld Javanese, SanskritKediri Kingdom10451221KadiriOld Javanese, SanskritSena Empire10701230NabadwipSanskrit, Old BengaliEastern Ganga Empire10781434Dantapura, Kalinganagara, Kataka, ParalekhemundiSanskrit, Telugu, OdiaGahadavala Dynasty10801194Varanasi, KanyakubjaSanskritKarnat Dynasty10971324SimraungadhMaithili, SanskritChero dynasty12th CE18th CEBhojpuri, NagpuriSambhuvaraya Dynasty11501375Rajagambhiram, PadaveeduSanskrit, TamilVanni Nadu Dynasty11501803VanniTamilDeva Dynasty11561250BikrampurBengali, SanskritKakatiya Dynasty11631323OrugalluSanskrit, TeluguKhen Dynasty11851498Kamarupanagara, KamatapuraAssamese, KamtapuriSutiya Kingdom11871673Swarnagiri, Ratnapur, SadiyaAssamese, Sanskrit

Late Medieval Period (c. 1200s CE – c. 1550s CE)

+Empire or Dynasty EstablishedDisestablishedCapital(s)Language(s)Today part ofMap Malla Dynasty12001768Bhaktapur, Kathmandu, Patan, NepalNewari, Maithili, SanskritDoti Rainka kingdom13th century1790Dipayal Silgadhi, NepalDotyali, Khas, Sanskrit, KumaoniJaffna Kingdom12151624NallurTamilSinghasari Kingdom12221292TumapelOld Javanese, SanskritAhom Kingdom12281826Charaideo, Garhgaon, Rangpur, JorhatAssamese, Tai-AhomSambhuvaraya Dynasty12361375Rajagambhiram, PadaveeduTamil, SanskritYajvapala Dynasty12371289Nalapura -Vaghela Dynasty12441304DholkaApabhramsa, Old Gujarati, PrakritRajahnate of Cebu12501565SinghapalaCebuano, Old Malay, Middle TamilNarayangarh Raj12641947Midnapore districtBengali LanguageMajapahit Empire12931527Majapahit, WilwatiktaOld Javanese, SanskritSena Dynasty (Nepal)13th Century CE18th Century CEMakwanpurgadhi, Chaudandi, PalpaNepali, Maithili Language, Khas, Bengali, SanskritReddy Dynasty13251448Addanki, Kondavidu, RajahmundryTelugu, SanskritMusunuri Nayakas11501369WarangalTelugu, SanskritVijayanagara Empire13361646Vijayanagara (1336–1565)Penukonda (1565–1592)Chandragiri (1592–1604)Vellore(1604–1646)Oiniwar Dynasty13531526MadhubaniMaithili languageKallala dynasty14041789Sinja ValleyKhas language, Nepali, SanskritGajapati Empire14341541CuttackOdia, Sanskrit

Early Modern Period (c. 1550s CE – 1850s CE)

+Empire or Dynasty EstablishedDisestablishedCapital(s)Language(s)Today part ofMap Bhoi dynasty15411947Cuttack, Puri, KhurdaOdiaKoch Dynasty15151949Chikana, KamatapurKamtapuri, Assamese, Bengali, SanskritMadurai Nayak Dynasty15291736Madurai, TiruchirapalliTelugu, Tamil, SanskritThanjavur Nayak Kingdom15321673ThanjavurTelugu, Tamil, SanskritGorkha Kingdom15591768Gorkha DarbarNepaliRaj Darbhanga15771947DarbhangaMaithiliMidnapore Raj15681812MedinipurBengali LanguageMaratha Empire16741818Raigad, Gingee, Satara, PuneMarathi, SanskritPudukkottai Kingdom16801800PudukkottaiTamilSivaganga Kingdom17251733SivagangaTamilKingdom of Nepal17682008KathmanduNepali, SanskritJammu and Kashmir 18461952JammuDogri Note: Kingdoms that acted as princely states to the British Empire are not mentioned except for the time period when they exercised sovereign control.

Puranic kings

Five Puranas (Vayu, Matsya, Brahmanda, Vishnu, Bhagavata) contain dynastic Puranic lists. Approach of researchers to these lists varies from outright skepticism, especially prevalent in the 19th century ("extravagant romances, ... works of imagination", "particular year is never mentioned") to cautious partial acceptance along the lines traced by F. E. Pargiter: "false genealogies ... imitate genuine genealogies", accepting limitations does not require to declare the absence of "any trust whatever". Ludo Rocher in his book "The Puranas" (1986) provides a long list of chronological calculations based on Puranic lists with a warning that they are "often highly imaginative".