Fumaria (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin , "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 speciesMurphy, R.J. (2009)b Fumitories of Britain and Ireland. BSBI Handbook No. 12. of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean region, and introduced to North America, South America and Australia.Lidén, Magnus. 1986. Synopsis of Fumarioideae (Papaveraceae) with a monograph of the tribe Fumarieae. Opera Botanica 88, Copenhagen, Denmark Fumaria species are sometimes used in herbal medicine. Fumaria indica contains an unusual mix of alkaloids such as fuyuziphine and alpha-hydrastine.Pandey MB, Singh AK, Singh JP, Singh VP, Pandey VB .,"Fuyuziphine, a new alkaloid from Fumaria indica." Nat Prod Res 2008 Apr 15;22(6):533-536http://www.mycobiology.or.kr/Upload/files/MYCOBIOLOGY/35(3)%20157-158.pdf Fumaria indica extracts may have anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential.Rao CV, Verma AR, Gupta PK, Vijayakumar M.,"Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of Fumaria indica whole plant extract in experimental animals." Acta Pharm. 2007 Dec;57(4):491-498
Selected species There are about 50 species:
Fumaria abyssinica Hammar Fumaria agraria Lag. Fumaria ajmasiana Pau & Font Quer Fumaria asepala Boiss. Fumaria atlantica Coss. & Durieu ex Hausskn. Fumaria ballii Pugsley Fumaria barnolae Sennen & Pau Fumaria bastardii Boreau Fumaria berberica Pugsley Fumaria bicolor Sommier ex Nicotra Fumaria bracteosa Pomel Fumaria × burnatii Verg. Fumaria capitata Lidén Fumaria capreolata L. Fumaria coccinea R.T.Lowe ex Pugsley Fumaria daghestanica Michajlova Fumaria densiflora DC. Fumaria dubia Pugsley Fumaria erostrata (Pugsley) Lidén Fumaria faurei (Pugsley) M.Linden Fumaria flabellata Gasp. Fumaria × gagrica Michajlova Fumaria gaillardotii Boiss. Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley Fumaria judaica Boiss. Fumaria kralikii Jord. Fumaria macrocarpa Parl. Fumaria macrosepala Boiss. Fumaria mairei Pugsley ex Maire Fumaria maurorum Maire Fumaria melillaica Pugsley Fumaria microstachys Kralik ex Hausskn. Fumaria mirabilis Pugsley Fumaria montana J.A.Schmidt Fumaria munbyi Boiss. & Reut. Fumaria muralis Sond. ex W.D.J.Koch Fumaria normanii Pugsley Fumaria occidentalis Pugsley Fumaria officinalis L. Fumaria ouezzanensis Pugsley Fumaria parviflora Lam. Fumaria petteri Rchb. Fumaria platycarpa Lidén Fumaria pugsleyana (Pugsley) Lidén Fumaria purpurea Pugsley Fumaria ragusina (Pugsley) Pugsley Fumaria reuteri Boiss. Fumaria rifana Lidén Fumaria rostellata Knaf Fumaria rupestris Boiss. & Reut. Fumaria schleicheri Soy.-Will. Fumaria schrammii Velen. Fumaria segetalis (Hammar) Cout. Fumaria sepium Boiss. & Reut. Fumaria skottsbergii Lidén Fumaria vaillantii Loisel.
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