This is a list of pidgins, creoles, mixed languages and cants that are based or partially based on Indo-European languages.
Pidgins Germanic–Slavic English–Russian-based Solombala English, from Solombala Shipyard, Arkhangelsk, Russia Runglish, from L2 English-speakers in post-Soviet states
Norwegian–Russian-based Russenorsk, from Northern Norway
Germanic English-based West African Pidgin English, from the Guinea Coast Kru Pidgin English Liberian Interior Pidgin English Nigerian Pidgin Cameroonian Pidgin English Ghanaian Pidgin Asia South Asia Butler English (India) Southeast Asia Thai Pidgin English East Asia Chinese Pidgin English (in Nauru) Japanese Bamboo English Japanese Pidgin English Korean Bamboo English Oceania Australia Aboriginal Pidgin English Port Jackson Pidgin English (ancestral to Australian Kriol) Northern Territory Pidgin English (ancestral to Australian Kriol) Queensland Kanaka English Pacific Islands Micronesia Micronesian Pidgin English Nauru Chinese Pidgin English Polinesia Samoan Plantation Pidgin Hawaiian Pidgin English Melanesia Papua New Guinea Pidgin Tok Pisin Papuan Pidgin English (distinct from Tok Pisin) Solomon Islands Pijin Vanuatu Bislama North America Native American Pidgin English
German-based Southwest Africa Namibian Black German
Swedish-based Borgarmålet
Indo-Aryan Assamese-based Nefamese
Hindi-based Arunachali Hindi Bombay Hindi Haflong Hindi
Indo-Iranan Persian-based harushīya no kuchiIdo, S. 2025. A Persian-lexified pidgin recorded in 18th-century Japan. in The Handbook of Persian Dialects and Dialectology. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. 129-147. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8151-9_4. (A Persian-lexified pidgin recorded in 18th-century Nagasaki, Japan)
Italic (Romance) General Romance-based Lingua Franca/Mediterranean Lingua Franca (Sabir, Petit Mauresque or Little Moorish) was spoken in the Mediterranean Basin from the 11th to the 19th century.
French-based Français Tirailleur, a pidgin language spoken in West Africa by soldiers in the French Colonial Army, approximately 1850–1960. Tây Bồi Pidgin French, pidgin language spoken in former French Colonies in Indochina, primarily Vietnam
Italian-based Italian Eritrean Simplified Italian of Ethiopia Simplified Italian of Libya Simplified Italian of Somalia
Italian-Portuguese based Italo-Paulista
Italian-Spanish based Cocoliche
Portuguese–Spanish-based Europe Portuguese–Spanish Portuñol/Portunhol
Italic (Romance)–Germanic-based French–English-based Camfranglais in Cameroon (mixed Cameroonian French-English Pidgin)
Different language families-based Pidgins Indo-European–Bantu Afrikaans–Tswana-based Tsotsitaal, from Gauteng, South Africa
Tsotsitaal–Zulu Camtho, from Gauteng, South Africa
Zulu-English-Afrikaans Fanagalo, from Southern Africa
Creoles Germanic Afrikaans-based creoles Tsotsitaal, from Gauteng, South Africa Oorlams Creole, from Oorlams in South Africa
Dutch-based creoles Negerhollands (extinct) (US Virgin Islands) Berbice Creole Dutch (extinct) (Berbice river region) Skepi Creole Dutch (extinct) (Essequibo River region) Mohawk Dutch (extinct) Negro Jersey Dutch ("Neger-Dauts" - "Negro Dutch") Javindo, from Java, Indonesia Petjo, from Indos in Indonesia, with an immigrant community in the Netherlands
English-based creoles Atlantic Caribbean Western Caribbean Jamaican Patois (Jamaican Creole English) Limonese Creole Bocas del Toro Creole (Panamanian Creole English) Jamaican Maroon Creole Belizean Creole Miskito Coast Creole (Nicaragua Creole English) Rama Cay Creole San Andrés–Providencia Creole (Raizal Creole English/Islander Creole English) Eastern Caribbean Northern Bahamian–Turks and Caicos Creole English (Lucayan Archipelago) Bahamian Creole Turks and Caicos Creole English Gullah language (Sea Islands Creole English) Afro-Seminole Creole Southern Virgin Islands Creole (Netherlands Antilles Creole English) Crucian: Spoken on Saint Croix. Saint Martin Creole English: Spoken in Saba, Sint Eustatius, Saint Martin. Antiguan and Barbudan Creole Anguillan Creole Barbudan Creole Kokoy Montserrat Creole North Antiguan Creole Saint Kitts Creole South Antiguan Creole Vincentian Creole Grenadian Creole English Tobagonian Creole Trinidadian Creole Bajan Creole (Barbadian Creole English) Guyanese Creole Africa West Africa Krio (Sierra Leone Creole English) Equatorial Guinean Pidgin (Pichinglis, Fernando Po Creole English, Bioko Creole English) (now also a Creole language) Liberian Kreyol Ghanaian Pidgin (now also a Creole language) Nigerian Pidgin (now also a Creole language) Cameroonian Pidgin (now also a Creole language) Suriname Sranan Tongo (Surinamese Creole English) Saramaccan (Saramacca–Upper Suriname regions) Surinamese and French Guianese Maroons Aluku Ndyuka (Aukan, Eastern Maroon Creole), in Suriname Paramaccan Kwinti, in Suriname Matawai Pacific South East Asian Singlish Australia Australian Kriol Torres Strait Creole Pacific Islands Micronesia Ngatikese Creole Polynesia Hawaiian Creole Tongan Creole (in Tonga) Melanesia Tok Pisin (now also a Creole language) (in Papua New Guinea) Fijian Creole (in Fiji) Pijin (now also a Creole language) (in Solomon Islands) Bislama (in Vanuatu) Shelta, from the Irish Traveller community in Ireland American Irish-Traveller's Cant, from the Irish Traveller American community in the United States
German-based creole Pacific Melanesia Unserdeutsch (Rabaul Creole German)
Indo-Aryan Assamese-based creole Nagamese creole
Bengali-based creole Andaman Creole Hindi, a creole of Bengali, Hindi and Tamil Bishnupriya Manipuri, a creole of Bengali and Manipuri
Hindi-based creole Andaman Creole Hindi
Romani-based creole Cyprus Kurbet
Italic (Romance) French-based creoles Americas Varieties with progressive aspect marker apewith variants ap and pe, from the koiné French progressive aspect marker àprè <après> Henri Wittmann. 1995, "Grammaire comparée des variétés coloniales du français populaire de Paris du 17e siècle et origines du français québécois", in Fournier, Robert & Wittmann, Henri, Le français des Amériques, Trois-Rivières: Presses universitaires de Trois-Rivières, pp. 281–334. Haitian Creole (Kreyòl ayisyen, locally called Creole) Louisiana Creole (Kréyol la Lwizyàn, locally called Kourí-Viní and Creole), the Louisiana French Creole language. (not confuse with Louisiana French or Cajun French) Varieties with progressive aspect marker kafrom the Karipúna substratum (Henri Wittmann. 1995, "Grammaire comparée des variétés coloniales du français populaire de Paris du 17e siècle et origines du français québécois", in Fournier, Robert & Wittmann, Henri, Le français des Amériques, Trois-Rivières: Presses universitaires de Trois-Rivières, pp. 281–334. Antillean Creole is a language spoken primarily in the francophone (and some of the anglophone) Lesser Antilles, such as Martinique, Guadeloupe, Îles des Saintes, Dominica, St. Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago and many other smaller islands. Dominican Creole French Grenadian Creole French Saint Lucian Creole French San Miguel Creole French (in Panama) French Guianese Creole is a language spoken in French Guiana, and to a lesser degree in Suriname and Guyana. Karipúna French Creole, spoken in Brazil, mostly in the state of Amapá. (not confuse with Karipuna or Palikúr a native Arawakan language of Amapá State) Lanc-Patuá, spoken more widely in the state of Amapá, is a variety of the former, possibly the same language. Indian Ocean Varieties with progressive aspect marker ape – subsumed under a common classification as Bourbonnais Creoles (Mascarene Creoles) Mauritian Creole, spoken in Mauritius (locally Kreol) Rodriguan creole, spoken on the island of Rodrigues Agalega creole, spoken in Agaléga Islands Chagossian creole, spoken by the former population of the Chagos Archipelago Réunion Creole, spoken in Réunion Seychellois Creole, spoken everywhere in the Seychelles and locally known as Kreol seselwa. It is the national language and shares official status with English and French. Pacific Ocean Tayo Creole, spoken in New Caledonia
Spanish-based creoles Americas Caribbean Bozal Spanish (in Cuba) (possibly extinct) Palenquero (in a region of Caribbean coast of Colombia) Asia Mindanao, Philippines Chavacano (Zamboangueño Creole Spanish)
Portuguese-based creoles Africa Upper Guinea Creoles Cape Verdean Creole: Vigorous use, Cape Verde Islands. Guinea-Bissau Creole: Vigorous use. Lingua franca in Guinea-Bissau, also spoken in Casamance, Senegal. Growing number of speakers. Gulf of Guinea creoles Angolar: A heavy substrate of Kimbundu, spoken on São Tomé Island, São Tomé and Príncipe. Annobonese Creole (Fa d'Ambu): Vigorous use. Spoken on Annobón island, Equatorial Guinea Forro: Forro is becoming the language of social networks. Spoken on São Tomé Island, São Tomé and Príncipe. Principense Creole: Almost extinct. Spoken on Príncipe island, São Tomé and Príncipe. Tonga Portuguese (Português dos Tongas) Americas Papiamento Asia Indo-Portuguese creoles Southern Indo-Portuguese Sri Lankan Portuguese creole (almost extinct) Malabar Coast Indo-Portuguese Cochin Portuguese Creole (Vypin Creole) (in Kochi) (extinct) Cannanore Portuguese Creole (in Kannur) (almost extinct) Coromandel Coast Indo-Portuguese Bengal Creole Portuguese (extinct) Northern Indo-Portuguese (Norteiro) Korlai Portuguese Creole (Kristi): spoken in Korlai, India. Bombay Portuguese Creole (extinct) Daman and Diu Portuguese Creole: spoken in Daman and Diu, India. (old decreolization) East Asian Macanese Macanese: Spoken in Macau. (old decreolization) Southeast Asian Malayo-Portuguese Kristang (Cristão) (Malaccan Creole Portuguese): spoken in Malacca, Malaysia and emigrant communities in Singapore and Perth, Western Australia Mardijker Creole: by the Mardijker people of Batavia (Jakarta) = Papiá Tugu: in Kampung Tugu, Jakarta, Indonesia. (extinct) Bidau Creole Portuguese (Timor Pidgin): in the Bidau area of Dili, East Timor. (it was also a creole) (extinct) Portugis (Ternateño): in the Ambon, Ternate islands and Minahasa, Indonesia. (extinct)
Mixed languages Between Indo-European languages Balto-Slavic Belarusian–Russian Trasianka/Meshanka (Belarusian-Russian mixed speech) Ukrainian–Russian Surzhyk (Ukrainian-Russian mixed speech) Germanic German–Danish Petuh, Danish grammar and semantics with German vocabulary. High German–Low German (Low Saxon) Missingsch, Low Saxon grammar, pronunciation, pragmatics, loanwords and substrate and German vocabulary. Swedish–Norwegian Svorsk Indo-Aryan Para-Romani (Romani Ethnolects based on Indo-European languages, mainly Romani lexic with other languages grammars and variable Romani grammar features also) Romani–Other Indo-Iranian Romani–Iranian Romani–Persian Afghanistan Gorbat Persian Romani (mixed Romani-Persian) Magati Romani–Domari–Armenian Lomavren (mixed Romani–Domari–Armenian) Romani–Balto-Slavic Romani–Slavic Romano-Serbian (mixed Romani–Serbian) Bohemian Romani (mixed Romani–Czech) (extinct) Romani–Germanic Romani–English Angloromani (mixed Romani–English) Scandoromani (mixed Romani–General Scandinavian) Romani–Swedish Traveller Swedish Romani–Danish Danish Rodi, Traveller Danish Romani–Norwegian Rodi language, Traveller Norwegian Romani–Hellenic Romano-Greek (mixed Romani-Greek) Romani–Italic (Romance) Romani–Occitan–Iberian Romance Caló Occitan caló (Occitan: caló occitan) Catalan caló (Catalan: caló català) Spanish caló (Spanish: caló español) Portuguese caló (Portuguese: caló português) Italic (Romance) Estremaduran–Castilian–Portuguese Barranquenho (Barranquian)
Indo-European–Other language families Indo-European–Eskimo–Aleutian Russian–Aleutian Mednyj Aleut Indo-European–Japanese English–Japanese Bonin English, a mix of Japanese and English Creole Indo-European–Pama–Nyungan English–Warlpiri Light Warlpiri English–Gurindji Gurindji Kriol Indo-European–Turkic Greek–Turkish Cappadocian Greek Indo-European–Semitic