Electronegativity (Pauling scale)

+ Data table: electronegativities of the elements Number Symbol NameelectronegativityWELAs quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources: A.L. Allred, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1961, 17, 215. J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, and R.L. Keiter in Inorganic Chemistry : Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th edition, HarperCollins, New York, USA, 1993.CRCAs quoted from these sources in an online version of: David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 9, Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy; Electronegativity Pauling, L., The Nature of the Chemical Bond, Third Edition, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1960. Allen, L.C., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 111, 9003, 1989.LangeAs quoted from these sources in: J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4; Table 4.5, Electronegativities of the Elements. L. Pauling, The Chemical Bond, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1967. L. C. Allen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111:9003 (1989). A. L. Allred J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 17:215 (1961). 1 H hydrogen 2.20 same 2 He helium no data same 3 Li lithium 0.98 same 4 Be beryllium 1.57 same 5 B boron 2.04 same 6 C carbon 2.55 same 7 N nitrogen 3.04 same 8 O oxygen 3.44 same 9 F fluorine 3.98 3.98 3.98 3.90 10 Ne neon no data same 11 Na sodium 0.93 same 12 Mg magnesium 1.31 same 13 Al aluminium 1.61 same 14 Si silicon 1.90 same 15 P phosphorus 2.19 same 16 S sulfur 2.58 same 17 Cl chlorine 3.16 same 18 Ar argon no data same 19 K potassium 0.82 same 20 Ca calcium 1.00 same 21 Sc scandium 1.36 same 22 Ti titanium 1.54 same 23 V vanadium 1.63 same 24 Cr chromium 1.66 same 25 Mn manganese 1.55 same 26 Fe iron 1.83 same 27 Co cobalt 1.88 same 28 Ni nickel 1.91 same 29 Cu copper 1.90 same 30 Zn zinc 1.65 same 31 Ga gallium 1.81 same 32 Ge germanium 2.01 same 33 As arsenic 2.18 same 34 Se selenium 2.55 same 35 Br bromine 2.96 same 36 Kr krypton 3.00 3.00 no data no data 37 Rb rubidium 0.82 same 38 Sr strontium 0.95 same 39 Y yttrium 1.22 same 40 Zr zirconium 1.33 same 41 Nb niobium 1.6 same 42 Mo molybdenum 2.16 same 43 Tc technetium 1.9 1.9 2.10 2.10 44 Ru ruthenium 2.2 same 45 Rh rhodium 2.28 same 46 Pd palladium 2.20 same 47 Ag silver 1.93 same 48 Cd cadmium 1.69 same 49 In indium 1.78 same 50 Sn tin 1.96 same 51 Sb antimony 2.05 same 52 Te tellurium 2.1 same 53 I iodine 2.66 same 54 Xe xenon 2.6 2.6 2.60 no data 55 Cs caesium 0.79 same 56 Ba barium 0.89 same 57 La lanthanum 1.10 same 58 Ce cerium 1.12 same 59 Pr praseodymium 1.13 same 60 Nd neodymium 1.14 same 61 Pm promethium(lowest in range) 1.10 same61Pmpromethium(highest in range)1.20 62 Sm samarium 1.17 same 63 Eu europium(lowest in range) 1.1 same63Eueuropium(highest in range)1.2 64 Gd gadolinium 1.20 same 65 Tb terbium 1.1 same 66 Dy dysprosium 1.22 same 67 Ho holmium 1.23 same 68 Er erbium 1.24 same 69 Tm thulium 1.25 same 70 Yb ytterbium(lowest in range) 1.1 same70Ybytterbium(highest in range)1.2 71 Lu lutetium 1.27 1.27 1.0 1.0 72 Hf hafnium 1.3 same 73 Ta tantalum 1.5 same 74 W tungsten 2.36 2.36 1.7 1.7 75 Re rhenium 1.9 same 76 Os osmium 2.2 same 77 Ir iridium 2.20 2.20 2.2 2.2 78 Pt platinum 2.28 2.28 2.2 2.2 79 Au gold 2.54 2.54 2.4 2.4 80 Hg mercury 2.00 2.00 1.9 1.9 81 Tl thallium 1.62 1.62 1.8 1.8 82 Pb lead 2.33 2.33 1.8 1.8 83 Bi bismuth 2.02 2.02 1.9 1.9 84 Po polonium 2.0 same 85 At astatine 2.2 same 86 Rn radon no data same 87 Fr francium no data 0.7 88 Ra radium 0.9 same 89 Ac actinium 1.1 same 90 Th thorium 1.3 same 91 Pa protactinium 1.5 same 92 U uranium 1.38 1.38 1.7 1.7 93 Np neptunium 1.36 1.36 1.3 1.3 94 Pu plutonium 1.28 1.28 1.3 1.3 95 Am americium 1.3 1.3 no data 1.3 96 Cm curium 1.3 1.3 no data 1.3 97 Bk berkelium 1.3 1.3 no data 1.3 98 Cf californium 1.3 1.3 no data 1.3 99 Es einsteinium 1.3 1.3 no data 1.3 100 Fm fermium 1.3 1.3 no data 1.3 101 Md mendelevium 1.3 1.3 no data 1.3 102 No nobelium 1.3 1.3 no data 1.3

Notes Separate values for each source are only given where one or more sources differ. Electronegativity is not a uniquely defined property and may depend on the definition. The suggested values are all taken from WebElements as a consistent set. Many of the highly radioactive elements have values that must be predictions or extrapolations, but are unfortunately not marked as such. This is especially problematic for francium, which by relativistic calculations can be shown to be less electronegative than caesium, but for which the only value (0.7) in the literature predates these calculations.

Electronegativity (Allen scale) Allen electronegativity is related to the average energy of the valence electrons in a free atom. Tabulations of values have been published. L. C. Allen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111:9003 (1989). J. B. Mann, T. L. Meek and L. C. Allen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122:2780 (2000). J. B. Mann, T. L. Meek, E. T. Knight, J. F. Capitani and L. C. Allen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122:5132 (2000).

Number Symbol Name Electronegativity 1 H hydrogen 2.300 2 He helium 4.160 3 Li lithium 0.912 4 Be beryllium 1.576 5 B boron 2.051 6 C carbon 2.544 7 N nitrogen 3.066 8 O oxygen 3.610 9 F fluorine 4.193 10 Ne neon 4.787 11 Na sodium 0.869 12 Mg magnesium 1.293 13 Al aluminium 1.613 14 Si silicon 1.916 15 P phosphorus 2.253 16 S sulfur 2.589 17 Cl chlorine 2.869 18 Ar argon 3.242 19 K potassium 0.734 20 Ca calcium 1.034 21 Sc scandium 1.19 22 Ti titanium 1.38 23 V vanadium 1.53 24 Cr chromium 1.65 25 Mn manganese 1.75 26 Fe iron 1.80 27 Co cobalt 1.84 28 Ni nickel 1.88 29 Cu copper 1.85 30 Zn zinc 1.588 31 Ga gallium 1.756 32 Ge germanium 1.994 33 As arsenic 2.211 34 Se selenium 2.424 35 Br bromine 2.685 36 Kr krypton 2.966 37 Rb rubidium 0.706 38 Sr strontium 0.963 39 Y yttrium 1.12 40 Zr zirconium 1.32 41 Nb niobium 1.41 42 Mo molybdenum 1.47 43 Tc technetium 1.51 44 Ru ruthenium 1.54 45 Rh rhodium 1.56 46 Pd palladium 1.58 47 Ag silver 1.87 48 Cd cadmium 1.521 49 In indium 1.656 50 Sn tin 1.824 51 Sb antimony 1.984 52 Te tellurium 2.158 53 I iodine 2.359 54 Xe xenon 2.582 55 Cs caesium 0.659 56 Ba barium 0.881 71 Lu lutetium 1.09 72 Hf hafnium 1.16 73 Ta tantalum 1.34 74 W tungsten 1.47 75 Re rhenium 1.60 76 Os osmium 1.65 77 Ir iridium 1.68 78 Pt platinum 1.72 79 Au gold 1.92 80 Hg mercury 1.765 81 Tl thallium 1.789 82 Pb lead 1.854 83 Bi bismuth 2.01 84 Po polonium 2.19 85 At astatine 2.39 86 Rn radon 2.60 87 Fr francium 0.67 88 Ra radium 0.89

Electronegativity (ReVEBE scale)

The values were published in 2026.

NumberSymbolNameElectronegativity1Hhydrogen2.302Hehelium4.163Lilithium0.914Beberyllium1.585Bboron1.936Ccarbon2.367Nnitrogen2.858Ooxygen3.149Ffluorine3.9310Neneon4.7911Nasodium0.8712Mgmagnesium1.2913Alaluminium1.5414Sisilicon1.8315Pphosphorus2.1616Ssulfur2.3117Clchlorine2.7518Arargon3.2419Kpotassium0.7320Cacalcium1.0321Scscandium1.2022Tititanium1.4223Vvanadium1.6424Crchromium1.3525Mnmanganese2.0826Feiron1.6627Cocobalt1.8728Ninickel1.9229Cucopper1.6530Znzinc1.5931Gagallium1.6832Gegermanium1.8833Asarsenic2.1234Seselenium2.2435Brbromine2.5836Krkrypton2.9437Rbrubidium0.7138Srstrontium0.9639Yyttrium1.0640Zrzirconium1.2741Nbniobium1.1842Momolybdenum1.4143Tctechnetium1.3644Ruruthenium1.4145Rhrhodium1.5446Pdpalladium1.4147Agsilver1.8348Cdcadmium1.5249Inindium1.5750Sntin1.7351Sbantimony1.8952Tetellurium2.0253Iiodine2.2654Xexenon2.5355Cscaesium0.6656Babarium0.8857Lalanthanum1.0258Cecerium1.0459Prpraseodymium0.9260Ndneodymium0.9561Pmpromethium0.9962Smsamarium1.0363Eueuropium1.0864Gdgadolinium1.0665Tbterbium1.0566Dydysprosium1.0967Hoholmium1.1268Ererbium1.0869Tmthulium1.1170Ybytterbium1.2171Lulutetium1.0872Hfhafnium1.1973Tatantalum1.3274Wtungsten1.4575Rerhenium1.5376Ososmium1.5577Iriridium1.7978Ptplatinum1.5879Augold1.8180Hgmercury2.1481Tlthallium1.7282Pblead1.8683Bibismuth1.8784Popolonium2.1985Atastatine2.3986Rnradon2.6087Frfrancium0.6988Raradium0.8989Acactinium0.9890Ththorium1.08

References