List of monarchs who lost their thrones before the 13th century

This is a list of monarchs who lost their thrones before the 13th century.

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A

Kingdom of Abkhazia Adarnase of Abkhazia, ruled from 880 to 887/888, deposed and executed by Bagrat I. Bagrat I of Abkhazia, ruled from 887/88 to 898/99. Theodosius III of Abkhazia, forced to abdicate in 978.

Alamannia and Rhaetia (Swabia)

Charles the Fat, King of Alamannia and Rhaetia 876–887, deposed, died 888.

Duchy of Amalfi

Manso, Prefect of Amalfi, Prefect of Amalfi from 898 to 914, retired to a monastery. Sergius II of Amalfi, 1007–1028, deposed. Manso II of Amalfi, 1028 to 1029, from 1034 to 1038, and from 1043 to 1052. John II of Amalfi, 1029–1069 with many interruptions. John III of Amalfi, 1073, deposed. Marinus Sebastus of Amalfi, 1096–c. 1100. Deposed.

County of Anjou

Geoffrey III, Count of Anjou, 1060–1068, deposed 1068 and imprisoned, but freed by the intervention of the Pope, died in 1096. Fulk of Jerusalem, 1106–1129, died 1143.

Duchy of Apulia

Roger II of Sicily, 1127–1130, deposed when his duchy became a part of his new Kingdom of Sicily.

Duchy of Aquitaine

Waiofar, deposed 760. Ebalus, Duke of Aquitaine, deposed 892, restored 902. Died 935.

County of Aragon

Aznar Galíndez I, 809–820, died 839 Andregoto Galíndez, 922–925, died after 926.

County of Arles

Boso, Margrave of Tuscany, 895–911 and 926–931.

County of Armagnac

Bernard II Tumapaler, 1020 to 1061, died 1064/1090.

Kingdom of Armenia

Tigranes V of Armenia, ruled 6-12, deposed by rebels. Mithridates of Armenia, 35–37 and 42–51. Tiridates I of Armenia, 53 and 54–56. Rhadamistus, 51–53 and 53–54. Tigranes VI of Armenia, from 58 to 63, forced to abdicate. Erato of Armenia, reigning three times.

Kingdom of Asturias Bermudo I of Asturias, abdicated 791. Nepotian of Asturias, 842.

Assyria

Ashur-nirari V, King of Assyria 755–745 BC, overthrown. Marduk-apla-iddina II, King of Assyria 722–710 BC, died 702.

County of Auvergne

Firminus, Count of Auvergne c. 555 or 558, deposed, restored, 560–571.

Kingdom of Aksum

Kaleb of Axum, said to have abdicated c. 520. 'Anbasa Wedem, in the 9th–10th century, deposed.

B

Babylonia Marduk-zakir-shumi II, King of Babylon 703 BC, overthrown. Marduk-apla-iddina II, King of Babylon 722–710 BC, and 703–702 BC. Deposed and later retreated to Elam. Sennacherib, King of Babylon 705–703 BC and 689–681 BC. Bel-ibni, King of Babylon 703–700 BC, deposed 700 BC. Nergal-ushezib, King of Babylon 694–693 BC, deposed and defeated by Assyria in 693 BC. Nabonidus, King of Babylon, deposed in 539BC due to the conquest of Babylon by the Persians.

Bavaria

Grifo, Duke of Bavaria 748, deposed 748, died c. 753. Tassilo III, Duke of Bavaria, Duke of Bavaria 748 to 787, deposed 787, died c. 796. Louis the German, King of Bavaria 817–843, lost Bavaria after the Treaty of Verdun, died 876. Engeldeo, Margrave of Bavaria 890–895, deposed 895. Eberhard, Duke of Bavaria, Duke of Bavaria 937 – 938, deposed 938. Henry II, Duke of Bavaria, Duke of Bavaria 955–976 and 985–995. Henry III, Duke of Bavaria, 983–985, deposed 985, died 989. Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor, Duke of Bavaria 995–1005. Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, Duke of Bavaria 1026–1041. Conrad I, Duke of Bavaria, Duke of Bavaria 1049–1053, deposed 1053, died 1055. Welf I, Duke of Bavaria, Duke of Bavaria 1070–1077 and 1096–1101. Otto of Nordheim, Duke of Bavaria 1061–1070, deposed 1070, died 1083. Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Duke of Bavaria 1053–1054, 1055–1061, 1077–1096. Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria, Duke of Bavaria 1120–1126, abdicated 1126 and died shortly thereafter. Henry II, Duke of Austria, Duke of Bavaria 1141–1156, displaced 1156, died 1177. Henry the Lion, Duke of Bavaria 1156–1180, deposed 1180, died 1195.

County of Barcelona

Humfrid, deposed, 865, died after 872. Bernard of Gothia, deposed, 878. Sunyer, Count of Barcelona, abdicated 947, died 950. Berenguer Ramon II, Count of Barcelona, abdicated 1097.

Béarn

Mary, Viscount of Béarn, 1170–1171, died after 1187.

Duchy of Benevento

Grimoald I of Benevento, Duke 651–662, died 671. Audelais of Benevento, Duke 732–733, deposed. Liutprand of Benevento, Duke 749–758, deposed, died after 759. Radelchis II of Benevento, Prince 881–884 and 897–900, died 907. Landulf IV of Benevento, Prince 981, died 892.

Duchy of Bohemia

Boleslaus III (999–1002) Boleslaus III (1003), second time Jaromir (1003) Boleslaus (IV) (1003–1004) (Piast; he was duke Boleslaus I of Poland) Jaromir (1004–1012), second time Oldřich (1012–1033) Jaromir (1033–1034), third time Oldrich (1034), second time Bořivoj II (1101–1107) Vladislaus I (1109–1117) Borivoj II (1117–1120), second time Vladislaus I (1120–1125), second time Vladislaus II (1140–1172, king from 1158) Frederick (1172–1173) Soběslav II (1173–1178) Frederick (1178–1189), second time Wenceslaus II (1191–1192) Ottokar I (1192–1193) Vladislaus III Henry (1197) Ottokar I (1197–1198)

Duchy of Bouillon

Godfrey I the Captive 959–964, died 995. Godfrey V, 1076–1095, died 1100.

Bulgarian Empire Sevar, 738-753, deposed Kormisosh, 753-756, deposed and murdered Vinekh, 756-762, deposed and murdered Telets, 762-765, deposed and murdered Sabin, 765–766, deposed, fled to Constantinopole. Umor, 766, deposed, fled to Constantinople. Toktu, 766-767, deposed and murdered near the Danube. Pagan, 767-768, deposed and murdered near Varna. Telerig, 768–777, forced to flee into exile. Boris I, 852–889, abdicated 889 died 907. Vladimir-Rasate, 889–893, deposed, blinded and imprisoned by his father. Peter I of Bulgaria, 927-969, abdicated 969, died January 970. Boris II, 969-971, abdicated 971 Roman, 976-991 (997), captured by the Byzantines in 991, died in captivity in 997.

White Croats

Sobjeslav, ruler of the White Croats c. 990s, died 1004.

Byzantine Empire Heraklonas, deposed 641. Justinian II, deposed 695, restored 705. Leontios, deposed 698. Tiberios III, deposed 705. Philippikos Bardanes, deposed 713. Anastasios II, deposed 715. Theodosios III, deposed 717. Constantine VI, deposed 797. Irene, deposed 802. Staurakios, deposed 811. Michael I Rangabe, deposed 813. Romanos I Lekapenos, deposed 944. Michael V Kalaphates, deposed 1042. Michael VI Bringas, deposed 1057. Isaac I Komnenos, abdicated 1059. Romanos IV Diogenes, deposed 1071. Michael VII Doukas, deposed 1078. Nikephoros III Botaneiates, deposed 1081. Andronikos I Komnenos, deposed 1185. Isaac II Angelos, deposed 1195, restored 1203, deposed again 1204. Alexios III Angelos, deposed 1204. Alexios IV Angelos, deposed 1204. Alexios V Doukas, deposed 1204. John IV Laskaris, deposed 1258. Andronikos II Palaiologos, deposed 1328.

C

Umayyad Caliphate

Ibrahim ibn al-Walid, 744, abdicated.

Abbasid Caliphate Al-Qahir, 932–934, died 950. Al-Muttaqi, 940–944, deposed and blinded. Al-Mustakfi, 944–946, deposed and blinded.

Camerino

Hubert, Duke of Spoleto, Margrave of Camerino 943–946, deposed 945/946, died 967/970.

Cappadocia

Ariarathes VIII of Cappadocia, King of Cappadocia Ruler of Cappadocia c. 101 BCE – 96 BCE, deposed several times throughout his rule. Ariarathes IX of Cappadocia, King of Cappadocia, deposed several times throughout his reign. Ariobarzanes I Philoromaios of Cappadocia, King of Cappadocia from 95 BCE to c. 63 or 62 BCE, abdicated.

Principality of Capua

Lando II of Capua, Count of Capua 861, deposed Pandenulf of Capua, Count of Capua 862–863 and 879–882 Landenulf I of Capua, Count of Capua 885–887. Laidulf of Capua, Prince of Capua 993–999, deposed. Adhemar of Capua, Prince of Capua 1000, deposed by his own people. Pandulf IV of Capua, Prince of Capua 1016–1022, 1026–1038 and 1047–1050. Pandulf V of Capua, Prince of Capua 1022–1026, surrendered in 1026. Guaimar IV of Salerno, Duke of Gaeta 1038–1047, died 1052.

Duchy of Carinthia

Berthold, Duke of Bavaria, 927–938, united Carinthia with the duchy of Bavaria in 938. Henry III, Duke of Bavaria, 976–978 and 985–989. Otto I, Duke of Carinthia, 978–985 and 1002–1004. Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, 1039–1047.

Cerdanya

Galindo Aznárez I, Count of Cerdanya 824–834, died 867.

China (Han dynasty)

Prince He of Changyi, Emperor of China 74 BC, deposed, died 59 BC. Ruzi Ying, Emperor of China AD 6–AD 9, deposed, died 25. Liu Bian, Emperor of China 189, deposed, poisoned 190.

County of Conflent

Aznar Galíndez I, 809–820, died 839.

Kingdom of Connacht Domnall Ua Conchobair, deposed 1106. Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair, deposed 1186.

D

Denmark

Eric III of Denmark, abdicated 1146.

Dublin

Blácaire mac Gofrith King of Dublin 940 - 945 and 947 - 948 . Amlaíb Cuarán King of Dublin 945 - 947 and 952–980 . Godred Crovan King of Dublin 1079–1095, driven out of Dublin . Domnall mac Muirchertaig ua Briain King of Dublin c.1094–1102 and 1103–???? . Ascall mac Ragnaill King of Dublin 1160–1171, driven out and later killed .

Duklja

Dobroslav II, King of Duklja 1101–1102, deposed and blinded. Dobroslav III, King of Duklja 1102, deposed, blinded and castrated. George I of Duklja, King of Duklja 1113–1118 and 1125–1131, deposed 1118, restored in 1125.

E

County of Edessa

Baldwin I of Jerusalem, count of Edessa 1098–1100, died 1118. Baldwin II of Jerusalem, count of Edessa 1100 to 1118, died 1131. Joscelin II, Count of Edessa, count of Edessa 1131–1150, died 1159.

Ancient Egypt

Khamudi, Pharaoh 16th century BC, defeated by Ahmose I. Tantamani, Pharaoh 664–656 BC, defeated by the Neo-Assyrian Empire and returned to Kush. Teos of Egypt, Pharaoh 362–360 BC, overthrown, died in exile. Nectanebo II, Pharaoh 360–343 BC, deposed by the Persian conquest, fled into exile.

Ayyubid Egypt Al-Aziz Uthman, 1193–1198, died 1200.

Kingdom of England Aethelred the Unready, deposed 1013, regained the throne shortly before his death. Edger II, the Ætheling, 1066, deposed, died 1126

Kingdom of Essex Sæbbi of Essex, 664 to 694, abdicated 694 Offa of Essex, ?-709, abdicated 709 Sigeric, abdicated in 798. Sigered of Essex, 798-825, ceded his kingdom to Wessex

F

Francia Charles the Fat, deposed 887. Charles the Simple, deposed 922. Hugh Capet, Duke of the Franks, 956–987, merged into the French Crown 987, died in 996.

Duchy of Friuli

Ansfrid of Friuli, 694, blinded and exiled. Ratchis, 739–744, died after 756. Eberhard of Friuli, 846 to 863, died 866. Berengar I of Italy, 874–890, died 924.

G

Duchy of Gaeta

John V of Gaeta, 1012–1032, deposed in 1032, died 1040. Guaimar IV of Salerno, 1040–1041, died 1052.

Kingdom of Galicia Hermeric, 406 or 419–438, abdicated 438, died 441. Eboric, 583–584, deposed by Andeca. Andeca, 584–585, deposed 585. Malaric, 585, deposed and captured. Alfonso Fróilaz, 925–926, driven out 926. Alfonso IV of León, 929–931, abdicated, died 933.

Galilee

Tancred FitzRobert, Prince of Galilee 1099–1101 deposed or abdicated, restored 1109–1112, died 1112. Joscelin I, Prince of Galilee, ? –1109, deposed or abdicated, restored 1112–1118.

Duchy of Gascony

Bernard II Tumapaler, 1039 to 1052, died 1064/1090.

Ghaznavid Empire Ismail of Ghazni, 997–998, deposed by his brother Mahmud of Ghazni. Muhammad of Ghazni, 1030–1031 and 1039–1041, died 1041.

Goguryeo

Bojang of Goguryeo, King 642–668, deposed 668, died 682.

Eastern Turkic Khaganate

Illig Qaghan, 621–630, captured in 630.

Seljuk Empire

Ahmad Sanjar, 1118–1153, deposed 1153, died 1157.

H

Himyarite Kingdom

Rabiah ibn Mudhar, deposed in the early 6th century.

Holy Roman Empire Charles the Fat, deposed 887. Lambert II of Spoleto, deposed 896. Louis the Blind, deposed 905. Berengar I of Italy, deposed 924.

Kingdom of Hungary Peter Orseolo, 1038–1041, 1041–1044 died 1046. Solomon, King of Hungary, 1063–1074, died 1087. Stephen III of Hungary, 1161–1162, 1163–1172, died 1172. Stephen IV of Hungary, 1163, died 1165.

I

Caucasian Iberia

Nerse of Iberia, ruling prince of Iberia from c. 760 to 772 and again from 775 to 779/80.

Iraq