List of Balkan endemic plants

The Balkan endemic plants includes a number of unique taxa and (species, subspecies, variety and forms) that are widespread in a variety of sizes area and, including stenoendemics.

The following list of endemic plants on the Balkans includes taxa from Bulgaria, Greece, Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, Slovenia and the European part of Turkey. The northeast limit of this area is the Sava river valley. The boundary then continues along the Danube. It also includes the Pannonian zone of the Balkans up to southern Romania.

Observed endemics are classified in 163 genera and 52 families.Polunin, Oleg (1987): Flowers of Greece and the Balkans. Oxford University Press, Oxford, Turrill W. B. (1929): The Plant life of the Balkan Peninsula - a phytogeographical study. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Webb D. A. (1966): 'The Flora of European Turkey'. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 6: 1-100.

Endemic taxa

A Abies borisii-regis, Pinaceae Abies cephalonica, Pinaceae Abies omorika, Pinaceae Acanthus balcanicus, Acanthaceae Acer heldreichii, Aceraceae Achillea ageratifolia, Asteraceae Achillea clypeolata, Asteraceae Achillea depressa, Asteraceae Achillea pannonica, Asteraceae Acinos majoranifolius, Lamiaceae Acinos orontius, Lamiaceae (Labiateae) Alchemilla jumrukczalica, Rosaceae Alchemilla vranicensis, Rosaceae Alkanna pulmonaria ssp. noneiformis, Boraginaceae Allium melanantherum, Amaryllidaceae Alyssum doerfleri, Brassicaceae Alyssum mellendorffianum, Brassicaceae Amphoricarpus bertisceus, Asteraceae Amphoricarpus neumayeri, Asteraceae Anemone transsilvanica, Ranunculaceae Anthemis carpatica, Asteraceae Anthemis jordanovii, Asteraceae Aquilegia amaliae var. dinarica, Ranunculaceae Aquilegia aurea, Ranunculaceae Aquilegia chrysantha var. aurea, Ranunculaceae Aquilegia dinarica, Ranunculaceae Aquilegia grata, Ranunculaceae Aquilegia nigricans ssp. subscaposa, Ranunculaceae Arabis ferdinandi-coburgii, Brassicaceae Arenaria rhodopaea, Caryophyllaceae Arnebia densiflora, Boraginaceae Asperula hercegovina, Rubiaceae Aster tripolium ssp. pannonicus, Asteraceae Astragalus alopecurus, Fabaceae Astragalus exscapus, Fabaceae Astragalus peterfii, Fabaceae Astragalus physocalyx, Fabaceae Astragalus pseudopurpureus, Fabaceae Astragalus roemeri, Fabaceae Athamanta macedonica, Apiaceae Athamanta turbith ssp hungarica, Apiaceae Avenochloa decora, Poaceae

B Barbarea bosniaca, Brassicaceae Barbarea vulgaris, Brassicaceae Brassica nivalis ssp. jordanoffii, Brassicaceae Bromopsis moesiaca, Poaceae Bruckenthalia spiculifolia, Ericaceae Bupleurum aristatum var. karglii, Apiaceae

C Campanopsis dalmatica, Campanulaceae Campanula albanica, Campanulaceae Campanula cespitosa, Campanula elatines var. fenestrellata, Campanulaceae Campanula graminifolia var. linearifolia, Campanulaceae Campanula hercegovina, Campanulaceae Campanula jacquinii ssp. rumeliana, Campanulaceae Campanula linifolia ssp. justiniana, Campanulaceae Campanula oreadum, Campanulaceae Campanula romanica, Campanulaceae Campanula scutellata, Campanulaceae Campanula tommasiniana, Campanulaceae Campanula velebitica, Campanulaceae Campanula waldsteiniana, Campanulaceae Cardamine maritima, Brassicaceae Carduus collinus, Asteraceae Carduus kerneri ssp. lobulatiformis, Asteraceae Carduus rhodopaeus, Asteraceae Carex riloensis, Cyperaceae Carum velenovskyi, Apiaceae Centaurea achtarovii, Asteraceae Centaurea biokovensis, Asteraceae Centaurea derventana, Asteraceae (Compositae) Centaurea jankae, Asteraceae Centaurea kernerana, Asteraceae Centaurea macedonica, Asteraceae Centaurea mannagettae, Asteraceae Centaurea parilica, Asteraceae Centaurea phrygia ssp. rarauensis, Centaurea phrygia ssp. ratezatensis, Asteraceae Centaurea pinnatifida, Asteraceae Centaurea pontica, Asteraceae Centaurea trichocephala, Asteraceae Cephalaria radiata, Caprifoliaceae Cerastium banaticum, Caryophyllaceae Cerastium decalvans, Caryophyllaceae Cerastium fontanum ssp. grandiflorum, Caryophyllaceae Cerastium transsylvanicum, Caryophyllaceae Chamaecytisus tommasinii, Fabaceae Chamaedrys ecytisus tommasinii, Fabaceae (Papilionaceae) Chamaedrys montana, Lamiaceae Chondrilla urumovii, Asteraceae Cicerbita pancicii, Asteraceae Cirsium appendiculatum, Asteraceae Cirsium brachycephalum, Asteraceae Clinopodium frivaldszkyanum, Lamiaceae Colchicum bulbocodioides ssp. hungaricum, Colchicaceae Colchicum callicymbium, Colchicaceae Colchicum hungaricum var. doerfleri, Colchicaceae Corothamnus agnipilus, Fabaceae Corothamnus rectipilosus, Fabaceae Crepis dinarica, Compositae (Asteraceae) Crepis macedonia, Asteraceae Crepis pantocseki, Asteraceae (Cichoriaceae) Crepis praemorsa ssp. dinarica, Asteraceae Crepis schachtii, Asteraceae Crocus cvijicii, Iridaceae Crocus lageniflorus var. oliverianus, Iridaceae Crocus scardicus, Iridaceae Crocus sieberi, Iridaceae Crocus veluchensis, Iridaceae Cyanus napuliferus, Asteraceae Cynoglossum hungaricum, Boraginaceae

D Daphne kosaninii, Thymelaeaceae Daphne malyana, Thymelaeaceae Daphne pontica, Thymelaeaceae Degenia velebitica, Brassicaceae Delphinium simonkaianum, Ranunculaceae Dianthus bertisceus, Caryophyllaceae Dianthus callizonus, Caryophyllaceae Dianthus carthusianorum ssp. tenuifolius, Caryophyllaceae Dianthus freyni, Caryophyllaceae Dianthus glacilis ssp. gelidus, Caryophyllaceae Dianthus henteri, Caryophyllaceae Dianthus knapii, Caryophyllaceae Dianthus microlepis, Caryophyllaceae Dianthus petraeus, Caryophyllaceae Dianthus spiculifolius, Caryophyllaceae Dioscorea balcanica, Dioscoreaceae Draba dorneri, Brassicaceae Draba haynaldii, Brassicaceae Draba simonkaiana, Brassicaceae

E Echinops bannaticus, Asteraceae Edraianthus glisicii, Campanulaceae Edraianthus graminifolius ssp. niveus, Campanulaceae Edraianthus niveus, Campanulaceae Edraianthus serpyllifolius ssp. dinaricus, Campanulaceae Edraianthus sutjeskae, Campanulaceae Ephedra major, Ephedraceae Eranthus hyemalis var. bulgaricus, Ranunculaceae Eryngium palmatum, Apiaceae Eryngium serbicum, Apiaceae Eulsatilla rhodopaea, Ranunculaceae Euphorbia gregersenii, Euphorbiaceae Euphorbion myrsinitum, Euphorbiaceae

F Festuca bucegiensis, Poaceae Festuca nitida ssp. flaccida, Poaceae Festuca rupicola ssp. pachyphylla, Poaceae Festuca versicolor, Poaceae Forsythia europaea, Oleaceae Fritillaria drenovskii, Liliaceae Fritillaria graeca, Liliaceae Fritillaria gussichiae, Liliaceae Fritillaria pontica, Liliaceae Fritillaria skorpili, Liliaceae Fumaria jankae, Papaveraceae

G Galatella albanica, Asteraceae Galium capitatum, Rubiaceae Galium demissum ssp. stojanovii, Rubiaceae Galium rhodopeum, Rubiaceae Galium valantioides var. baillonii, Rubiaceae Genista lydia ssp. rumelica, Fabaceae Gentiana albanica, Gentianaceae Gentiana dinarica, Gentianaceae Gentiana laevicalyx, Gentianaceae Gentiana pontica, Gentianaceae Gentianella bulgarica, Gentianaceae Geum bulgaricum, Rosaceae Geum rhodopeum, Rosaceae Globularia cordifolia, Plantaginaceae Goniolimon besseranum, Plumbaginaceae

H Haberlea rhodopensis, Gesneriaceae Halacsya sendtneri, Boraginaceae Halacsya sendtneri, Boraginaceae Haplophyllum balcanicum, Rutaceae Heliosperma retzdorffianum, Caryophyllaceae Heptaptera macedonica, Apiaceae Herniaria olympica, Caryophyllaceae Hesperis dinarica, Brassicaceae Hesperis matronalis ssp. nivea, Brassicaceae Hesperis matronalis ssp. schurii, Brassicaceae Hieracium praebiharicum, Asteraceae Hippocrepis comosa, Fabaceae Hypericum cerastoides, Hypericaceae Hypericum rhodopeum, Hypericaceae Hypericum haplophylloides, Hypericaceae

I Iberis sempervirens, Brassicaceae Inula macedonicus, Asteraceae Inula verbascifolia ssp. aschersoniana, Asteraceae Iris bosniaca, Iridaceae Iris suaveolens, Iridaceae Ixoca macrantha, Caryophyllaceae

J Jasione montana f. heldreichii, Campanulaceae Jasionella bulgarica, Campanulaceae Johrenia distans, Apiaceae Juncellus pannonicus, Cyperaceae Juniperus sabina, Cupressaceae Jurinea tzar-ferdinandii, Asteraceae

K Kitaibela vitifolia, Malvaceae Knautia albanica, Caprifoliaceae Knautia macedonica, Caprifoliaceae Knautia sarajevoensis, Caprifoliaceae Koeleria subaristata, Poaceae

L Lathraea rhodopaea, Orobanchaceae Lathyrus binatus, Fabaceae Lathyrus panicicii, Fabaceae Leucanthemum chloratum, Asteraceae Lilium bosniacum, Liliaceae Lilium cattaniae, Liliaceae Lilium pyrenaicum var. albanicum, Liliaceae Lilium pyrenaicum var. jankae, Liliaceae Lilium rhodopeum, Liliaceae Limonium asterotrichum, Plumbaginaceae Linum dolomiticum, Linaceae Linum elegans, Linaceae Linum rhodopeum, Linaceae Linum thracicum, Linaceae Linum uninerve, Linaceae

M Malcolmia orsiniana ssp. orsiniana, Brassicaceae Marrubium friwaldskyanum, Lamiaceae Marrubium velutinum, Lamiaceae Melampyrum dorflerii, Scrophulariaceae Melampyrum trichocalycinum, Scrophulariaceae Merendera rhodopea, Colchicaceae Minuartia bosniaca, Caryophyllaceae Minuartia cataractarum, Caryophyllaceae Minuartia halacsyi, Caryophyllaceae Minuartia handelii, Caryophyllaceae Minuartia hirsuta, Caryophyllaceae Minuartia velutina, Caryophyllaceae Moltkia doerfleri, Boraginaceae

N Narthecium scardicum, Nartheciaceae Navicularia scardica, Lamiaceae Noccaea bellidifolia, Brassicaceae Noccaea kovatsii, Brassicaceae Noccaea praecox, Brassicaceae

O Onobrychis montana, Fabaceae Onosma rhodopea, Boraginaceae Onosma thracica, Boraginacea Onosma visianii, Boraginaceae Origanum striatum, Lamiaceae Ornithogalum orthophyllum ssp. acuminatum, Asparagaceae Ornithogalum umbellatum ssp. orthophyllum, Asparagaceae Oxytropis kozhuharovii, Fabaceae Oxytropis jacquinii, Fabaceae Oxytropis prenja, Fabaceae Oxytropis urumovii, Fabaceae

P Papaver corona-sancti-stephani, Papaveraceae Papaver degenii, Papaveraceae Paronychia kapela, Caryophyllaceae Pedicularis brachyodonta, Orobanchaceae Pedicularis hoermanniana, Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis orthantha, Orobanchaceae Peridictyon sanctum, Poaceae Petteria ramentacea, Fabaceae Picea omorika, Pinaceae Pimpinella serbicum, Apiaceae Pinguicula balcanica, Lentibulariaceae Pinguicula hirtiflora, Lentibulariaceae Pinus heldreichii, Pinaceae Pinus nigra ssp. dalmatica, Pinaceae Pirinia koenigii, Caryophyllaceae Plantago atrata, Plantaginaceae Poa dolosa, Poaceae Poa granitica ssp. disparilis, Poaceae Polygala carniolica, Polygalaceae Polygala rhodoptera, Polygalaceae Polygala supina, Polygalaceae Potentilla chrysantha, Rosaceae Potentilla deorum, Rosaceae Potentilla fruticosa, Rosaceae Primula auricula ssp. serratifolia, Primulaceae Primula deorum, Primulaceae Primula frondosa, Primulaceae Primula kitaibeliana, Primulaceae Primula kitaibeliana, Primulaceae Primula wulfeniana, Primulaceae Puccinellia limosa, Poaceae Pulsatilla slavjankae, Ranunculaceae

Q Quercus protoroburoides, Fagaceae

R Ramonda heldreichii, syn. Jankaea heldreichii, Gesneriaceae Ramonda nathaliae, Gesneriaceae Ramonda serbica, Gesneriaceae Ranunculus hayekii, Ranunculaceae Ranunculus illyricus, Ranunculaceae Ranunculus montenegrinus, Ranunculaceae Ranunculus pedatus, Ranunculaceae Ranunculus sartorianus, Ranunculaceae Ranunculus serbicus, Ranunculaceae Rheum rhaponticum, Polygonaceae Rorippa lippizensis, Brassicaceae Rosa balcarica, Rosaceae Rosa parilica, Rosaceae Rumex balcanicus, Polygonaceae

S Salvia brachiodon, Lamiaceae Salvia eichleriana, Lamiaceae Salvia pratense var. varbossania, Lamiaceae Saponaria sicula ssp. stranjensis, Caryophyllaceae Satureja horvatii, Lamiaceae Satureja rumelica, Lamiaceae Saxifraga ferdinandi-coburgi, Saxifragaceae Saxifraga mutata ssp. demissa, Saxifragaceae Saxifraga prenja, Saxifragaceae Saxifraga stribrnyi, Saxifragaceae Scabiosa rhodopensis, Caprifoliaceae Scilla litardierei, Asparagaceae Sclarea transsylvanica, Lamiaceae Scorodonia arduinii, Lamiaceae Scrophularia aestivalis, Scrophulariaceae Scrophularia bosniaca, Scrophulariaceae Scrophularia tristis, Scrophulariaceae Secale strictum, Poaceae Sedum kostovii, Crassulaceae Sedum stefco, Crassulaceae