List of victims of Nazism

This is a list of victims of Nazism who were noted for their achievements. Many on the lists below were of Jewish and Polish origin, although Soviet POWs, Jehovah's Witnesses, Serbs, Catholics, Roma and dissidents were also murdered. This list includes people from public life who, owing to their origins, their political or religious convictions, or their sexual orientation, were murdered by the Nazi regime. It includes those murdered in the Holocaust, as well as individuals otherwise killed by the Nazis before and during World War II. Those killed in concentration camps are listed alongside those who were murdered by the Nazi Party or those who chose suicide for political motives or to avoid being murdered.

The list is sorted by occupation and by nationality.

Performing arts Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements Reasons for persecution Cause of death Hana Brady 1931–1944 Czech Portrayed in Hana's Suitcase: A True Story Jewish Gassed at Auschwitz concentration camp René Blum 1878–1942 French Founder of the Ballet de l'Opéra à Monte Carlo Jewish Murdered at Auschwitz concentration camp Arthur Bergen 1875–1943 Austrian Actor, director Jewish Auschwitz concentration camp Egon Friedell 1878–1938 Austrian Actor, cabaret performer Jewish Suicide to avoid arrest by Sturmabteilung Eugen Burg 1871–1944 German Film actor Jewish Died in Theresienstadt Ghetto Ernst Arndt 1861-1942/3 German Actor Jewish Murdered in the gas chamber at Treblinka concentration camp Lea Deutsch 1927–1943 Croatian Child actress Jewish Heart failure on route to the Auschwitz concentration camp Max Ehrlich 1892–1944 German Actor, screenwriter, director, best-selling author Jewish Gassed at Auschwitz concentration camp Lisl Frank 1911–1944 Czech Dancer, cabaret singer Jewish Forced death march from Auschwitz to Christianstadt Kurt Gerron 1897–1944 German Performer, actor, film director Jewish Gassed at Auschwitz concentration camp Dora Gerson 1899–1943 German Actress, cabaret singer Jewish Gassed at Auschwitz concentration camp John Gottowt 1881–1942 Austro-Hungarian Actor Jewish Murdered by SS in Wieliczka Joachim Gottschalk 1904–1941 German Actor Jewish family Suicide in Berlin to avoid arrest Leslie Howard 1893–1943 British Actor Jewish Airplane shot down by LuftwaffeOlga Islar 1865–1944 German Operatic soprano Jewish Murdered at Theresienstadt Ghetto Georg John 1879–1941 German Actor Jewish Łódź Ghetto Salomon Meyer Kannewasser 1916–1945DutchJazz singer. Part of the duo 'Johnny & Jones'JewishDied of exhaustion in Bergen-Belsen Paul Morgan 1886–1938 Austrian Actor, cabaret performer Jewish Buchenwald concentration camp Bernard Natan 1886–1942 Franco-Romanian Film director, actor and former head of Pathé Film Studios Jewish Auschwitz concentration camp Jacques Presburg 1881–1943 Dutch composer of theatre music, pianist, violinist, and conductor Jewish Auschwitz concentration camp Joseph Schmidt 1904–1942 Ukrainian Singer, actor Jewish Heart attack in a Swiss refugee camp in Gyrenbad Fritz Spira 1881–1943 Austrian Film and stage actor Jewish Died at Ruma concentration camp in Vojvodina Mathilde Sussin 1876–1943 Austrian Actress Jewish Theresienstadt concentration camp Arnold Siméon van Wesel 1918–1945 Dutch Jazz singer. Part of the duo Johnny & JonesJewish Died of exhaustion in Bergen-Belsen Miklós Vig 1898–1944 Hungarian Singer, actor, comedian, theater secretary Jewish Shot in Budapest by members of the Arrow CrossClara de Vries1915–1942DutchJazz trumpeter and bandleaderJewishAuschwitz concentration camp Karel Hašler 1879–1941 Czech Songwriter-lyricist, film and theatre director, actor, dramatist and screenwriter patriotic songs Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp Otto Wallburg 1899–1944 German Actor and cabaret performer Jewish Auschwitz concentration camp Witold Zacharewicz 1914–1943 Polish Actor aiding Jews Auschwitz concentration camp Max Zilzer 1868–1943 Hungarian-German Actor Jewish Died under interrogation by the Gestapo

Literature and publishing Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements Reasons for persecution Cause of death Anne Frank 1929–1945 German / Dutch author of a published diary Jewish typhus at Bergen-Belsen Else Feldmann 1884–1942 Austrian writer and journalist Jewish gas chamber at Sobibór Egon Friedell 1878–1938 Austrian writer and philosopher Jewish suicide to avoid deportation Peter Hammerschlag 1902–1942 Austrian writer and graphic artist Jewish died in detention, circumstances unclear, Auschwitz Lidia Zamenhof 1904–1942 Polish work for Esperanto movement, as well as translations of Baháʼí Faith writings Jewish gas chamber at Treblinka Jura Soyfer 1912–1939 Austrian journalist, writer Jewish typhus at Buchenwald Itzhak Katzenelson 1886–1944 Belarusian teacher, writer Jewish gas chamber at Auschwitz Petr Ginz 1928–1944 Czech editor of Vedem Jewish gas chamber at Auschwitz Julius Fučík 1903–1943 Czech resistance leader Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia hanged at Plötzensee Prison Milena Jesenská 1896–1944 Czech journalist Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia kidney failure at Ravensbrück concentration camp Paul Kornfeld 1889–1942 Czech writer Jewish died in detention, circumstances unclear Karel Poláček 1892–1944 Czech writer Jewish died in Gleiwitz concentration camp Vladislav Vančura 1891–1942 Czech writer, doctor Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia executed at Kobylisy Shooting Range Etty Hillesum 1914–1943 Dutch writer, diary author Jewish died in detention, circumstances unclear Helga Deen 1925–1943 Dutch author of a published diary Jewish gas chamber at SobibórJaap Nunes Vaz1906-1943Dutcheditor of Het ParoolJewishSobibor Hélène Berr 1921–1945 French author of a published diary Jewish died in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp Jacques Decour 1910–1942 French writer, resistance leader French Resistance executed by firing squad Robert Desnos 1900–1945 French poet, resistance fighter French Resistance typhoid few weeks after the liberation of Theresienstadt concentration camp Benjamin Fondane 1898–1944 French poet, literary critic Jewish, French Resistance gas chamber at Auschwitz Régis Messac 1893–1945 French writer French Resistance died at either the Groß-Rosen or Dora concentration camp Walter Benjamin 1892–1940 German literary critic and philosopher Jewish suicide at Portbou to avoid deportation Felix Fechenbach 1894–1933 German journalist and activist Jewish executed during the deportation to Dachau Walter Hasenclever 1890–1940 German expressionist writer Jewish suicide to avoid deportation Jakob van Hoddis 1887–1942 German writer Jewish gas chamber at Sobibór Jochen Klepper 1903–1942 German writer Jewish family suicide in Berlin Erich Knauf 1895–1944 German journalist, poet making jokes about the Nazi regime beheaded at Brandenburg-Görden Prison Clementine Krämer 1873–1942 German author, poet, social worker Jewish died at Theresienstadt Adam Kuckhoff 1887–1943 German writer, dramatist, Resistance fighter German resistance to Nazism died in detention, circumstances unclear Erich Mühsam 1878–1934 German writer, anarchist Jewish executed at Plötzensee Prison Willi Münzenberg 1889–1940 German publisher, politician Communist murdered at Oranienburg concentration camp Friedrich Münzer 1868–1942 German philologist Jewish enteritis at Theresienstadt Carl von Ossietzky 1889–1938 German journalist, Nobel Peace Prize winner exposing the clandestine German re-armament tuberculosis Erich Salomon 1886–1944 German photojournalist Jewish died in detention, circumstances unclear Libertas Schulze-Boysen 1913–1942 German film critic, resistance fighter German resistance to Nazism executed at Plötzensee Prison Miklós Radnóti 1909–1944 Hungarian poet Jewish shot into a mass grave near Abda, Hungary Antal Szerb 1901–1945 Hungarian writer, literary scholar Jewish beaten to death in a concentration camp in Balf Mordechai Gebirtig 1877–1942 Polish Yiddish poet, musician and composer Jewish shot dead in the Krakow Ghetto Bruno Schulz 1892–1942 Polish writer Jewish shot dead in the ghetto at Drohobycz Debora Vogel 1902–1942 Polish poet, philosopher Jewish shot in the Lwów Ghetto Willi Schmid 1893–1934 German music critic mistaken identity accidental victim of the Night of the Long Knives in a case of mistaken identity Martha Wertheimer 1890–1942 German journalistJewish a Kindertransport director, sent to Sobibor extermination camp Elena Shirman 1908–1942 Russian poet Jewish beaten to death in Rostov Oblast, Russia Selma Meerbaum-Eisinger 1924–1942 Romanian writer Jewish typhus at the Mikhailovska labor camp in rural Ukraine David Vogel 1891–1944 Russian Hebrew writer Jewish tuberculosis at a satellite camp of the Neuengamme concentration camp Anton de Kom 1898–1945 Surinamese author, human rights activist Dutch resistance died in detention, circumstances unclear, Neuengamme Irène Némirovsky 1903–1942 Ukrainian-French writer Jewish gas chamber at Auschwitz Else Ury 1877–1943 German writer Jewish gas chamber at AuschwitzRenia Spiegel1924–1942Polishauthor of a published diaryJewishshot dead in Przemyśl

Visual arts and design

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements Reasons for persecution Cause of death Friedl Dicker-Brandeis 1896–1944 Austrian artist Jewish gas chamber in Auschwitz Josef Čapek 1887–1945 Czech painter, draughtsman, illustrator, writer Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia typhoid fever at Bergen-Belsen Fiszel Zylberberg-Zber 1909–1942 Polish Woodcuts artist and painter Jewish gas chamber at Auschwitz Frania Hart 1896–1943 Polish/French painter Jewish unknown Abraham Icek Tuschinski 1886–1942 Dutch designer of the Tuschinski Theater Jewish gas chamber at Auschwitz Max Jacob 1876–1944 French artist Jewish pneumonia at Drancy Ernst Ludwig Kirchner 1880–1938 German painter German resistance to Nazism suicide due to persecution, Davos Julius Klinger 1876–1942 Austrian artist/designerJewish Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler 1899–1940 German painter Action T4 Aktion T4 victim at Sonnenstein Euthanasia Centre Jacob Mącznik 1905–1945 Polish painter Jewish slave labor at Ebensee division of Mauthausen Samuel J. de Mesquita 1868–1944 Dutch painter and designer Jewish gas chamber at AuschwitzMax van Dam1910–1943DutchpainterJewishdied as one of the few inmates at SobiborMarianne Franken1884-1945DutchpainterJewishBergen-BelsenMommie Schwarz1876-1942DutchpainterJewishAuschwitzElse Berg1877-1942DutchpainterJewishAuschwitzMartin Monnickendam1874-1943DutchpainterJewishsuspicious circumstances prior to deportation Felix Nussbaum 1904–1944 Austrian painter Jewish gas chamber at Auschwitz Karl Pärsimägi 1902–1942 Estonian painter French Resistance Auschwitz Heinrich Rauchinger 1858–1942 Polish/Austrian painter Jewish Theresienstadt Jan Rubczak 1884–1942 Polish painter, graphic artist Polish intelligentsia gas chamber at Auschwitz Charlotte Salomon 1917–1943 German painterJewish gas chamber at Auschwitz Ljuba Monastirskaja 1906–1941 Latvian textile artist Jewish killed at the Rumbula massacre Otti Berger 1898–1944 Hungarian textile artist Jewish Auschwitz Paul Guermonprez 1908–1944 Dutch photographer, graphic artist Dutch resistance Shot by the SS near Bloemendaal

Music