Upton County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,308. Its county seat is Rankin. The county was created in 1887 and later organized in 1910. It is named for two brothers: John C. and William F. Upton, both colonels in the Confederate Army.

History

Native Americans

Native Americans were the first inhabitants of the area. Tribes present at the time of conquest included the Comanches and Apache.

Trails

One of the first routes bringing people through the area was the Chihuahua Trail connecting Mexico's state of Chihuahua with Santa Fe, New Mexico. The trail served as a trade route for nomadic tribes of Indians and Spaniards, as well as traders from both Mexico and Texas.

The Butterfield Overland Mail crossed the area from 1858 to 1861.

The Goodnight-Loving Trail served as a cattle-drive trail from 1866 to 1888. The trail began at Young County, Texas, and passed along the Pecos River to Fort Sumner, New Mexico, and into Colorado before ending in Cheyenne, Wyoming.

Establishment of the county

Upton was formed in 1887 from Tom Green County, Texas. The county was named after John C. Upton and his brother William F. Upton. of Tennessee. Cattleman George Elliott became the first to establish a homestead in Upton County in 1880. Beginning as open range, the land was shared with sheepmen by the 1890s. The United States Census counted 52 people living in the county in 1890, and only 48 in 1900; most of these were either members of three families, or were in their employ. The agricultural sector of the county has been outpaced by cattle and sheep ranching. In 1982, about 92% of the land in Upton County was in farms and ranches, but less than 1% of the county was considered prime farmland, and only 2% of the county was cultivated. In the fall of 1911, the Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway reached the townsite of Rankin, and by January 1912, most of the people living in Upland had moved to Rankin.

Oil

Wildcatter George McCamey's Baker No. 1 in September 1925 opened up the McCamey Oil Field, established the town of McCamey and brought the subsequent oil boom to Upton County. The Yates Oil Field in Crockett and Pecos Counties resulted in a financial boon for the town of Rankin, which served as a supply and service center. The resulting financial windfall benefitted infrastructure in Rankin.Hyne, Norman J. Nontechnical Guide to Petroleum Geology, Exploration, Drilling, and Production, 2nd edition. PennWell Books, 2001. , p. 105. In 1946, Mike Benedum began wildcatting in Upton County and opened up what would become known as the Benedum Oil Field. The Weir No. 1 gushed in 1961 and enabled Upton County to continue as an outstanding Texas production area.

Geography According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which (0.01%) is covered by water. The Spraberry Trend, the third-largest oil field in the United States by remaining reserves, underlies much of the county.Top 100 Oil and Gas Fields Bobcat Hills, a summit with an elevation of , is found in Upton County.

Major highways U.S. Highway 67 U.S. Highway 385 State Highway 329 State Highway 349 Spur 576

Adjacent counties Midland County (north) Reagan County (east) Crockett County (south) Crane County (west) Ector County (northwest)

Demographics

Racial and ethnic composition +Upton County, Texas – Racial and ethnic compositionRace / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)Pop 1980 Pop 1990Pop 2000Pop 2010 Pop 2020% 1980% 1990% 2000% 2010% 2020White alone (NH)3,2262,6661,8541,6111,31869.84%59.95%54.47%48.02%39.84%Black or African American alone (NH)86885249591.86%1.98%1.53%1.46%1.78%Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)8192828110.17%0.43%0.82%0.83%0.33%Asian alone (NH)020040.00%0.04%0.00%0.00%0.12%Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH)x included in the Asian category in the 1980 Censusx included in the Asian category in the 1990 Census200xx0.06%0.00%0.00%Other race alone (NH)460430.09%0.13%0.00%0.12%0.09%Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)x not an option in the 1980 Censusx not an option in the 1990 Census1919116xx0.56%0.57%3.51%Hispanic or Latino (any race)1,2951,6661,4491,6441,79728.04%37.46%42.57%49.00%54.32%Total4,6194,4473,4043,3553,308 100.00%100.00%100.00%100.00%100.00%

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 3,308. The median age was 38.6 years; 26.3% of residents were under the age of 18 and 16.3% were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 103.3 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 106.6 males age 18 and over.

The racial makeup of the county was 55.9% White, 2.2% Black or African American, 0.4% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.2% Asian, <0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 11.5% from some other race, and 29.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 54.3% of the population.

Less than 0.1% of residents lived in urban areas, while 100.0% lived in rural areas.

There were 1,222 households in the county, of which 39.5% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 50.0% were married-couple households, 22.6% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 22.2% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 25.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

There were 1,523 housing units, of which 19.8% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 75.0% were owner-occupied and 25.0% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.3% and the rental vacancy rate was 17.1%.

2000 census

As of the 2000 census, 3,404 people, 1,256 households, and 934 families were residing in the county. The population density was . The 1,609 housing units averaged . The racial makeup of the county was 77.79% White, 1.62% African American, 1.20% Native American, 0.03% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 17.95% from other races, and 1.35% from two or more races. About 42.57% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 1,256 households, 36.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.10% were married couples living together, 9.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.60% were not families. Around 23.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68, and the average family size was 3.19.

In the county, the age distribution was 29.30% under 18, 7.90% from 18 to 24, 24.90% from 25 to 44, 23.80% from 45 to 64, and 14.20% who were 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 95.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.30 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $28,977, and for a family was $37,083. Males had a median income of $30,729 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,274. About 18.10% of families and 19.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.60% of those under age 18 and 13.50% of those age 65 or over.

Communities Cities McCamey Rankin (county seat)

Unincorporated community Midkiff

Ghost towns Upland

Politics

Education Two school districts serve sections of the county: - Text list Grandfalls-Royalty Independent School District Monahans-Wickett-Pyote Independent School District Pecos-Barstow-Toyah Independent School District

All of the county is in the service area of Odessa College.Texas Education Code, Section 130.193, "Odessa College District Service Area".

See also Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Upton County

References

External links

http://genealogytrails.com/tex/bigbend/upton/ Inventory of county records, Upton County courthouse, Rankin, Texas, hosted by the Portal to Texas History