This is a list of wars that began between 1500 and 1799. Other wars can be found in the historical lists of wars and the list of wars extended by diplomatic irregularity. Major conflicts of this era include the Italian Wars and Thirty Years' War in Europe, the Kongo Civil War in Africa, the Qing conquest of the Ming in Asia, the Spanish conquest of Peru in South America, and the American Revolutionary War in North America.
Based on statistics from Our World in Data (starting in 1400), 1525 (the end of the German Peasants' War) was, at its time, the deadliest year in terms of conflict deaths with 160k deaths, until it was surpassed by 1618 which saw 316k deaths. As the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and the Manchu conquest of China (1618–1683) continued, 1618 was surpassed by 1619 (359k deaths), 1625 (443k deaths), 1627 (453k deaths), 1628 (456k deaths) and 1629 (456.8k deaths). 1629 was later surpassed by 1756 (457.5k deaths), at the start of the Seven Years' War.
1500–1599 Start Finish Name of conflict Belligerents Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable)15001500Bruneian–Tundun War Bruneian EmpireTondo15001503Second Muscovite–Lithuanian WarMuscovite–Lithuanian Wars Grand Principality of Moscow Grand Duchy of Lithuania15001500Battle of HemmingstedtPeasantry of Dithmarschen Kalmar Union Denmark 15011502Azov War (1501–1502) Kabardia Crimean Khanate15011512Dano-Swedish War (1501–1512) Part of the Dano-Swedish WarsSweden Free City of Lübeck (from 1509)Norwegian rebels (to 1504) Denmark Norway15021510Persian–Uzbek wars Persian EmpireTimurid Empire Shaybanid dynasty15021543Guelders WarsDuchy of Guelders15031505War of the Succession of Landshut Duchy of Bavaria-Munich Duchy of Bavaria-LandshutElectorate of the Palatinate15051517Portuguese–Mamluk naval war Mamluk Sultanate Ottoman Empire 1505 1517 Ottoman–Persian War (1505–1517) Ottoman Empire Safavid Iran15051506Austrian-Hungarian War (1505-1506)15071508Third Muscovite–Lithuanian WarMuscovite–Lithuanian Wars Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of PolandGrand Principality of MoscowLithuanian rebels led by Michael Glinski15081516War of the League of CambraiPart of the Italian Wars and Anglo-French War (1512–14)1508–10: Duchy of Ferrara1511–13: Duchy of Ferrara1513–16: Duchy of Ferrara1508–10:1510–11: 1511–13: Swiss mercenaries1513–16: Duchy of Milan Swiss mercenaries15091509Second Invasion of the Kazakh Khanate (1509)Kazakh KhanateKhanate of Bukhara15091509Battle of DiuPart of the Portuguese battles in Indian Ocean, Portuguese–Mamluk naval war and Ottoman–Portuguese confrontations Portuguese EmpireGujarat Sultanate Mamlûk SultanateKozhikode Zamorin Raja Ottoman Empire Republic of Ragusa15091512Ottoman Civil War Forces of Selim I Forces of Bayezid II Janissaries Forces of Ahmed15101510Prince of Anhua rebellionMing dynastyPrince of Anhua15101514Hvar rebellion Hvar rebels15101510Portuguese conquest of GoaOttoman–Portuguese confrontationsBijapur Sultanate Ottoman Empire15111511Friulian revolt of 1511Friulian nobilityFriulian peasants15111511Şahkulu rebellion Ottoman EmpireShia Rebels15111529Spanish–Taíno War of San Juan–BorikénTaínos15111641Malayan–Portuguese warMalacca SultanateMing dynasty Dutch East India Company Johor Sultanate15121516Bengal Sultanate–Kingdom of Mrauk U War Bengal SultanateKingdom of Mrauk U15121522Fourth Muscovite–Lithuanian WarMuscovite–Lithuanian WarsGrand Principality of MoscowLivonian Order Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of Poland Crimean Tatars15121521Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Navarre15141514Poor Conrad Rebellion Duchy of WürttembergWürttemberg peasants15141514György Dózsa RebellionHungarian peasants15141514Battle of Chaldiran Ottoman Empire Safavid Empire15151515Slovene Peasant Revolt of 1515Slovene rebels15151523Arumer Zwarte Hoop Habsburg NetherlandsFrisian peasants15161516Algiers expedition (1516) Ottoman Empire15161517Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17)Part of the Ottoman–Mamluk wars Ottoman Empire Mamluk Sultanate15161516TenochtitlanPartisans of CacamatzinTlaxcala Partisans of Ixtlilxochitl II15161521Trần Cao rebellionLê dynastyTrần Cao rebels15181658Sinhalese–Portuguese War15191519Prince of Ning rebellionMing dynastyPrince of Ning15191521Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)Polish–Teutonic wars Kingdom of Poland Teutonic Knights15191521Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire Spanish EmpireTlaxcalaAztec Triple Alliance15191523Revolt of the BrotherhoodsRoyalists of AragonAgermanats rebels15191523Hildesheim Diocesan FeudBishopric of Hildesheim County of Schaumburg County of Diepholz County of HoyaPrincipality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Principality of Calenberg 15191659Celali rebellions Ottoman EmpireAlevi peasants15201521Revolt of the ComunerosRoyalist CastiliansComuneros rebels15211521First Battle of TamãoMing dynasty 15211523Swedish War of LiberationPart of the Swedish War of SecessionSweden Free City of Lübeck Denmark15211526Italian War of 1521–1526Part of the Italian Wars Empire of Charles V: Spain
15211532Musso War Three Leagues Duchy of Milan15221538First Civil War (Kazakh Khanate)Tugim Khan (Until 1538) Supported by:
Khak-NazarBuydash Khan15221523Knights' WarBrotherly Convention’ of Knights15221522Second Battle of TamãoMing dynasty 15221522Siege of Rhodes (1522) Ottoman Empire Knights Hospitaller15231523Franconian War Swabian LeagueRobber Barons15241525German Peasants' War Swabian League German Peasant Army15241533Dalecarlian rebellions SwedenDalarna peasants15241528Arghun–Langah WarSindh SultanateMultan Sultanate15251525Bakhchisarai War (1525) Crimean Khanate15251525Amicable Grant English Rebels15261530War of the League of CognacPart of the Italian WarsEmpire of Charles V: Spain Republic of Florence Duchy of Milan15261526Battle of Mohács Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Bohemia Duchy of Bavaria Kingdom of Poland15271697Spanish conquest of Yucatán Spanish EmpireMaya15271528Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528Part of the Ottoman–Habsburg wars Kingdom of Bohemia Kingdom of Croatia Ferdinand's Hungarian kingdom Voivodian Serbs Ottoman Empire John Szapolyai's Hungarian kingdom15291543Ethiopian–Adal War Adal Sultanate Ottoman Empire15291529Westrogothian rebellion SwedenSwedish Catholics15291529First War of KappelProtestants: ZürichCatholics: UriSchwyzZug15291529Suleiman I's campaign of 1529 Ottoman EmpireJohn Szapolyai's Hungarian kingdom Kingdom of Bohemia Kingdom of CroatiaFerdinand's Hungarian kingdom15291529Siege of ViennaKingdom of Bohemia Electorate of the Palatinate Ottoman Empire15291532Inca Civil WarInca Empire under AtahualpaInca Empire under HuáscarTumebamba15301552Little War in HungaryPart of the Ottoman–Habsburg wars Kingdom of Bohemia Kingdom of CroatiaFerdinand's Hungarian kingdom Ottoman Empire John Szapolyai's Hungarian kingdom Serbian DespotateThe Ottoman Empire and early modern Europe by Daniel Goffman, p.111 Firearms of the Islamic world, p.38The Cambridge History of Islam, p.32815311531Second War of KappelCatholics: UriSchwyzZugProtestants: Zürich15321572Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire Spanish EmpireInca EmpireNeo-Inca State15321555Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–1555)Part of the Ottoman–Persian wars Ottoman Empire Safavid Empire15331929Yaqui WarsPart of the Mexican Indian Wars and the American Indian Wars (1533–1716)
(1716–1821)
(1821–1929)
(1896–1918) Yaqui Allies Mayo Opata Pima15331677Lê–Mạc WarRevival Lê dynastyMạc dynasty15341534Silken Thomas rebellion Irish rebels15341535Münster rebellionPrince-Bishopric of MünsterAnabaptists15341536Count's FeudChristian IIIDuchy of SchleswigHolsteinSwedenDuchy of PrussiaJutlandChristian IIChristopher of OldenburgScaniaMalmöCopenhagenZealand15341537Fifth Muscovite–Lithuanian WarPart of the Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of PolandCrimean TatarsGrand Principality of Moscow15341541Toungoo–Hanthawaddy WarToungoo dynasty Hanthawaddy kingdom15341536Iguape War Captaincies of BrazilSpanish colonists Guaraní15361537Pilgrimage of GraceEnglish Roman Catholics15361536Möre uprising Sweden Möre Peasantry15361538Italian War of 1536–1538 Ottoman Empire Spain15371537Bigod's rebellionEnglish Roman Catholics15371540Ottoman–Venetian War (1537–1540) (until 1538) Regency of Algiers Holy League:
Kingdom of Sicily Knights of Malta15371548 Governorate of New Castile Viceroyalty of Peru Governorate of New Toledo15381538Yemeni Expedition of 1538 Part of the Yemeni–Ottoman conflicts Ottoman EmpireZaidis15381545Toungoo–Ava WarToungoo dynastyAva Kingdom Confederation of Shan States Mrauk-U Kingdom Prome Kingdom15381560Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1538–1559) Ottoman Empire Adal Sultanate Ajuran Sultanate Gujarat Sultanate15391540Revolt of Ghent (1539–1540)Ghent15401540Norwegian peasants15401542Mixtón War Spanish EmpireCaxcans15401567Jiajing wokou raidsMing dynastyWokou15421543Dacke WarSmåland peasants15421546Italian War of 1542–1546Part of the Italian Wars Ottoman EmpireJülich-Cleves-BergEmpire of Charles V: Spain
Brandenburg15421551Rough Wooing Part of the Anglo-Scottish Wars 15431568Koch–Ahom conflictsKamata Kingdom Ahom kingdom15451547Toungoo–Mrauk-U WarKingdom of Mrauk UToungoo dynasty15461547Schmalkaldic WarEmpire of Charles V: Spain
Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Bohemia and other Lands of the Bohemian CrownSchmalkaldic League: Hesse Electorate of the PalatinateBrunswick-LüneburgOther German territories15471549Burmese–Siamese War (1547–1549)Ayutthaya KingdomToungoo dynasty15481549Revolt of the PitaudsTax Resisters15491549Prayer Book RebellionCatholic rebels15491549Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire rising of 1549English rebels15491549Kett's RebellionEnglish peasants15501590Chichimeca WarChichimeca 15511556Temryuk War KabardiaBzhedug Principality of Hatuqay Crimean Khanate 1551 1553 Lappvesi Peasant Revolt (1551–1553) Sweden Finnish PeasantsKarelians15511559Italian War of 1551–1559 Republic of Siena Ottoman Empire15521555Second Margrave WarMargravate of Brandenburg-KulmbachImperial City of NurembergPrince-Bishopric of BambergImperial City SchweinfurtBishopric of Würzburg Archbishopric of Mainz Archbishopric of TrierBishopric of SpeyerDuchy of Brunswick-LüneburgKingdom of BohemiaMargravate of Meissen15521552Tuggurt Expedition Regency of Algiers Kingdom of Beni Abbas Sultanate of Tuggurt 15521552Siege of Kazan Tsardom of RussiaQasim KhanateTaw yağı Kazan KhanateCheremis and Ar warriorsNogay cavalry15521556Kazan rebellion of 1552–1556 Tsardom of RussiaHill CheremisaPeople of KazanChyuvashaMeadow CheremisaHill Cheremisa Ar people Nogai Horde15541554Wyatt's rebellionRebels under Thomas Wyatt15541557Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557) Tsardom of Russia15551558SaukriegParty of Hans von CarlowitzParty of John IX of Haugwitz15551567France Antarctique Tamoio People Tupinambá People15571589Ottoman conquest of Habesh Ottoman EmpireHabesh15581566Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1538–1559) Ottoman Empire Egypt