The Kazakhs, as part of the Kazakh Khanate, the Qing dynasty, the Russian Empire, the Alash Autonomy, the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, the East Turkestan Republics, Mongolia, and the present day state of Kazakhstan, have fought many wars, both inside and outside their borders.

Legends of results:

Kazakh Khanate

Kazakh Khanate was established by Janibek Khan and Kerei Khan in 1465. Both khans came from Turco-Mongol clan of Tore which traces its lineage to Genghis Khan through dynasty of Jochids. The Tore clan continued to rule the khanate until its fall to the Russian Empire.

From 16th to 17th century, the Kazakh Khanate ruled and expanded its territories to eastern Cumania (modern-day West Kazakhstan), to most of Uzbekistan, Karakalpakstan and the Syr Darya river with military confrontation as far as Astrakhan and Khorasan Province, which are now in Russia and Iran, respectively. The Khanate was later weakened by a series of Oirat, Dzungar and, especially, the Chinese (Manchu) invasions. These resulted in a decline and further disintegration into three Jüzes, which gradually lost their sovereignty and were incorporated to the expanding Russian Empire in the 19th century.

DateConflictCombatant ICombatant IIResult for Kazakhstan 1468–1500 The struggle in Eastern Desht-i-Kipchak

Great Horde

Uzbek Khanate

Western Moghulistan Victory Kazakhs declare independence from the Uzbek Khanate 1502–1504 Struggle against Nogai Horde Victory 1508 Kazakh–Nogai War (1508) Victory 1503–1513 Kazakh–Uzbek Wars (1503–1513) Victory 1509–1510 Kazakh–Uzbek War (1509–1510) Victory 1515–1521 Kazakh–Nogai War (1515–1521) Victory 1522–1538 First Kazakh Civil War Kazakhs KazakhsVictory for Haqnazar Khan 1522 Keldi-Muhammad's campaign against the Kazakhs Defeat 1522–1523 Nogai Reconquista Defeat 1534 Kazakh–Uzbek War (1534) Victory 1535 Kazakh–Nogai War (1535) Victory Nogais are driven back across the Emba River 1560's Kazakh–Moghul War MoghulistanDefeat 1568–1570 Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570) Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate Lesser Nogai Horde Shamkhalate of Tarki Tsardom of Russia Don Cossacks Zaporozhian Cossacks Kabardia (East Circassia)Defeat 1568–1569 Kazakh–Nogai War (1568–1569) Victory1572 Battle of Sarysu Ordos MongolsVictory 1577 Kazakh–⁠Nogai War (1577) Victory 1598 Kazakh invasion of Northern Bukhara Victory 1603–1605 Karakalpak rebellion KarakalpaksVictory 1613–1624, 1626–1627 Esim-Tursun conflict Kazakhs KazakhsVictory for Esim Khan 1635–1741 Kazakh–Dzungar Wars Inconclusive 1645–1647 Mughal Central Asia campaign Kingdom of Amber Nurpur kingdomVictory 1723–1726 Kazakh–Kalmyk War (1723–1726) Peaceful Agreement 1743–1744,1746–1747 Abul Khair–Neplyuyev conflict Victory 1756–1757 First Sino–Kazakh War Inconclusive 1765–1767 Second Sino–Kazakh War Inconclusive 1771 1771 Torghut migration Inconclusive

Russian conquest of Central Asia

DateConflictCombatant ICombatant IIResult for KazakhstanKhan/Leader 1825—1836 Sarzhan's rebellion Kazakh rebels(1834-1835) (1832, 1836)Defeat Sarzhan Qasymov Yesengeldy Qasymov Kasym Sultan Kenesary Qasymuly Ağatai Qasymov Bopai Qasymova 1836—1838 Bukey Horde uprising Kazakh rebels Bukey HordeDefeat Isatay Taymanuly Makhambet Otemisuly 1837—1847 Kenesary's Rebellion Battle of Aktau Siege of Akmolinsk Aktau raid Siege of Sozak Kamal Blockade Supported by::

supported by: Kara-Kyrgyz KhanateDefeat Kenesary Qasymov 1820s-1851 Zhankozha Nurmukhamedov's struggle against Khiva and Kokand (until 1847) Victory Zhankozha Nurmuhamedov

Kazakhstan under Russian occupation DateConflictCombatant ICombatant IIResult for KazakhstanKhan/Leader 1856-1860 Zhankozha Nurmukhamedov's Uprising Kazakh rebels Defeat Uprising suppressed Zhankozha Nurmuhamedov 1850-1868 Russo–Kokand War Pro-russian Kazakhs Pro-russian Kyrgyz people Khanate of KokandKyrgyz KhanateVictory Suranshy Batyr Tezek Nuralin 1868-1869 Uprising in Ural and Turgay Oblast Kazakh rebels Defeat Uprising suppressed Bergen Kospanov Seil Turkebaev Kuspai Aibasov Mambetali Kanaly Aryslanuly 1870 Adai rebellion Expedition of Rukin Siege of Alexandrovsky fort Battle of the Cape Chagrai Aday rebels supported by Defeat Dosan Tazhiev Isa Tlenbaev Erzhan Kulov Ermembet Kulov Kutzhan Orakov 1916-1917 Central Asian revolt of 1916 Turkic tribes Kazakh tribes, including Turgay Rebels Kyrgyz rebels supported by: Small number of escaped POWs, Central Powers intelligence Chinese volunteers Russian Empire supported by: Emirate of BukharaDefeat Uprising suppressed Amankeldı İmanov Äbdiğapar Janbosynūly Älıbi Jangeldin Keiki-batyr

Alash–Orda (1917–1920) Kazakhs, tired of almost a century of Russian colonization, started to rise up. In the 1870s–80s, schools in Kazakhstan massively started to open, which developed elite, future Kazakh members of the Alash party. In 1916, after conscription of Muslims into the military for service in the Eastern Front during World War I, Kazakhs and Kyrgyzs rose up against the Russian government, with uprisings until February 1917.

The state was proclaimed during the Second All-Kazakh Congress held at Orenburg from 5–13 December 1917 OS (18–26 NS), with a provisional government being established under the oversight of Alikhan Bukeikhanov. However, the nation's purported territory was still under the de facto control of the region's Russian-appointed governor, Vassily Balabanov, until 1919. In 1920, he fled the Russian Red Army for self-imposed exile in China, where he was recognised by the Chinese as Kazakhstan's legitimate ruler.

Following its proclamation in December 1917, Alash leaders established the Alash Orda, a Kazakh government which was aligned with the White Army and fought against the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War. In 1919, when the White forces were losing, the Alash Autonomous government began negotiations with the Bolsheviks. By 1920, the Bolsheviks had defeated the White Russian forces in the region and occupied Kazakhstan. On 17 August 1920, the Soviet government established the Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, which in 1925 changed its name to Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, and finally to Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic in 1936. DateBattleCombatant ICombatant IIResult for KazakhstanLeader1918-1922Russian Civil War in Central Asia Semirechye FrontМ. Ивлев. Гибель Семиреченского казачьего войска (1917–20 гг.) //Альманах «Белая гвардия», № 8. Казачество России в Белом движении. М.: «Посев», стр. 225–235 Defence of Uralsk Uralsk-Guryev operation Alash-Orda Alash Militia White Army (until 1919) RSFSR (from 1919) RSFSR (until 1919) White Army (from 1919)Inconclusive Kazakhstan becomes a Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic Alash-Orda ceases to exist Keiki-batyr Alikhan Bukeikhanov Zhakhansha Dosmukhamedov

Soviet Union During most of the 20th century Kazakhstan was a Soviet Republic within USSR, participating in the wars USSR took a part in.

Despite the peaceful integration of Alash-Orda into the USSR, Kazakh people also participated in series of revolts against Soviet rule, the main wave of uprising had been caused by collectivisation and Asharshylyk: DateConflictCombatant ICombatant IIResult for KazakhstanLeader(s)/Khan(s) 1921 Anti-bolshevik revolt in Northern Kazakhstan Green Rebels Peasants Cossacks Kazakhs USSR Kazak ASSRDefeat Uprising suppressed Vladimir Rodin Maslov Khorev Karesevich 1928-1930 Sarysu-sozak uprising Kazakh rebels Sarysu District rebels Sozak District rebels Tama tribeDefected communists - members of Komsomol USSR Kazak ASSRDefeat Uprising suppressed Sultanbek Shulakuly Ali Asadulla Mirza-Akhmet Baskiyev 1929 Bostandyk uprising Kazakh rebels Boʻstonliq District rebels Basmachi USSR Kazak ASSRDefeat Uprising suppressed T. Musabayev U. Maylybayed I. Chanybekova 1929 Batpakkarin uprising Kazakh rebels Batpakkarin District rebels Zhangeldi District rebels Nauyrzym District rebels USSR Kazak ASSRDefeat Uprising suppressed Omar Barmakov Abaydilda Bekzhanov Seytbek Kaliyev Akhmediya Smagulov 1929-1932 Aday uprising of 1929 Aday tribe members USSR Kazak ASSRDefeat Uprising suppressed Bokymash Sholanuly Rakhmet Aminuly Myrzaly Tynynmbayev Yergali Kuttengenov Mamay Salpykuly Zhumabay Usenuly Kangabay Dosan Shopanuly Zharmangabet Kobayuly Dauylbay Bimaganbetuly 1930 Sarbaz rebellion Kazakh rebels Sarbazy Russian White movement supporters Altai rebels Buryat rebels USSR Kazak ASSRDefeat Uprising suppressed 1930 Balkash-Shokpar uprising Kazakh rebels Balkhash District rebels Chokpar District rebels USSR Kazak ASSRDefeat Uprising suppressed Abdibek Nurabayev Kosherbay Kuramysov 1930 Baribay uprising Kazakh rebels Sharua USSR Kazak ASSRDefeat Uprising suppressed K. Akhmetzhanov K. Ibragimov Zh.Saukymbayev 1930 Asan uprising Kazakh rebels Kazaly District rebels Alshyn tribe members USSR Kazak ASSRDefeat Uprising suppressed Maksym Orumbetov 1931 Abralin uprising Kazakh rebels Abralin District rebels USSR Kazak ASSRDefeat Uprising suppressed Esimbek Musabekuly Y. Kempirbayev 1931 Korday uprising Kazakh rebels Korday District rebels USSR Kazak ASSRDefeat Uprising suppressed 1931 Alak uprising Kazakh rebels Kyzyltasy District rebels USSR Kazak ASSRDefeat Uprising suppressed Survivors fled to China

Republic of China Following the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912, the Republic of China was proclaimed. Initially, the Chinese state attempted to provide a peaceful management, but repressive policies, the warlord chaos, Soviet intervention, and the increasing number of Han and Hui migration pushed Kazakhs to war against the Chinese state, aligning their goal with the Kyrgyz and the larger Uyghurs and Uzbeks for an independent East Turkestan:

DateConflictCombatant ICombatant IIResult for KazakhstanLeader(s)/Khan(s) 1931–1949 Xinjiang Wars

Russian White movement supporters

Russian White movement supportersDefeat Uprising suppressed Survivors fled south to India Osman Batur 1931–1934 Kumul Rebellion Kazakhs Kyrgyz Uyghurs

Russian White movement supporters Ma clique Xinjiang clique

Russian White movement supportersDefeat Uprising suppressed Osman Batur 1935 Charkhlik revolt Uyghur and Kazakh rebels Ma cliqueDefeat Uprising suppressed 1937 Islamic rebellion in Xinjiang Ma clique Turkic Muslim rebels Kazakhs Kyrgyz Uyghurs Uzbeks Xinjiang cliqueDefeat Uprising suppressed 1944–1946 Ili Rebellion Victory Short-lived independence Osman Batur Dalelkhan Sugirbayev 1949 PRC's conquest of Xinjiang Defeat Fall of the East Turkestan Republic Osman Batur Dalelkhan Sugirbayev

Republic of Kazakhstan (1991–present) Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union from 1988 to 1991. DateConflictCombatant ICombatant IIResult for KazakhstanPresident of Kazakhstan 1992–1997 Tajikistani Civil War CSTO United Tajik Opposition Jamiat-e Islami (until 1996) Afghanistan (until 1996) Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (until 1996) Taliban factionsMilitary stalemale United Nations-sponsored armistice Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed Rahmon wins the 1999 Tajik presidential election The United Tajik Opposition is promised 30 percent of the ministerial positions Nursultan Nazarbayev 1996–2001 Afghan Civil War Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan East Turkistan Islamic Party Tanzeem-e-Nifaz-e-Shariat-e-MohammadiMilitary stalemale

Continued clashes until the US-led invasion of Afghanistan Taliban control up to 85% of Afghanistan including the capital Kabul Civil war continues Nursultan Nazarbayev 2002–2014 Operation Enduring Freedom - Horn of Africa NATO Insurgents: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (from 2015)

al-Qaeda (from 2002) Al-Shabaab (from 2006) al-Itihaad al-Islamiya (2002–06) Hizbul Islam (2009–14) Ras Kamboni Brigades (2007–10) Jabhatul Islamiya (2007–09)