1866–67 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1866–67 United States House of Representatives elections took place between June 4, 1866, and September 6, 1867, to elect the 193 members and seven non-voting delegates of the House of Representatives. The Republican Party retained its majority in the first midterm elections following the end of the American Civil War.

Republicans and Unionists won 147 seats as the National Union Party in elections held in 1864 and 1865. Following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson attempted to preserve the Union Party as a vehicle for his political ambitions. Johnson's supporters held the 1866 National Union Convention at Philadelphia in an attempt to rally support for the president's policies. Johnson's handling of Reconstruction, especially his veto of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, split the Union Party between moderate and radical Republicans, and the president's dwindling conservative allies. Pro-Johnson Unionists contested these elections as the Conservative Union Party or simply Conservatives, while Johnson's opponents were called Republican Unionists or Republicans. Despite the efforts of Johnson's advisors, the Conservative movement was quickly folded into the Democratic Party, which reemerged as the main opposition to the Republicans in the postwar era.

The elections resulted in a stunning rebuke of the incumbent administration. Johnson's national speaking tour failed to win over the voting public and seriously damaged the president's reputation. Republicans from the border states and the Northern United States won over two-thirds of the seats in the lower chamber, more than enough to override a presidential veto. In Maryland and Missouri, the Republican candidates ran as Radical or Unconditional Unionists. Democrats won most of the remaining seats, while only two districts (Missouri's 3rd and New York's 6th) chose Conservative representatives. Of the former Confederate states holding elections in 1866 and 1867, only the representatives from Tennessee were initially seated; a further eight states held elections following their readmission in 1868.

Results Federal + ↓ 45 1 3 144 Democratic Republican

Results by state State Type Date Totalseats Democratic Conservative Republican Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Oregon At-large June 4, 1866 1 0 0 1 Vermont Districts Sep 4, 1866 3 0 0 3 Maine Districts Sep 10, 1866 5 0 0 5 Indiana Districts Oct 9, 1866 11 3 1 0 8 1 Iowa Districts Oct 9, 1866 6 0 0 6 Nebraska At-large Oct 9, 1866 1 0 0 1 Ohio Districts Oct 9, 1866 19 3 1 0 16 1 Pennsylvania Districts Oct 9, 1866 24 6 3 0 18 3 West Virginia Districts Oct 25, 1866 3 0 0 3 Delaware At-large Nov 6, 1866(Election Day) 1 1 0 0 Illinois Mixed 14 3 0 11 Kansas At-large 1 0 0 1 Maryland Districts 5 3 1 0 1 2 Massachusetts Districts 10 0 0 10 Michigan Districts 6 0 0 6 Minnesota Districts 2 0 0 2 Missouri Districts 9 0 1 1 1 8 Nevada At-large 1 0 0 1 New Jersey Districts 5 2 1 0 3 1 New York Districts 31 10 1 1 1 20 Wisconsin Districts 6 1 0 5 Late elections (after the March 4, 1867, beginning of Congress) New Hampshire Districts Mar 12, 1867 3 0 0 3 Connecticut Districts Apr 1, 1867 4 3 3 0 1 3 Rhode Island Districts Apr 3, 1867 2 0 0 2 Kentucky Districts May 4, 1867 9 7 7 0 5 1 3 Tennessee Districts Aug 3, 1867 8 0 0 4 8 4 California Districts Sep 6, 1867 3 2 2 0 1 2 States not yet readmitted Alabama Districts — 6 0 0 0 Arkansas Districts August 6, 1866 3 0 0 0 Florida At-large — 1 0 0 0 Georgia Districts — 7 0 0 0 Louisiana Districts — 5 0 0 0 Mississippi Districts — 5 0 0 0 North Carolina Districts — 7 0 0 0 South Carolina Districts — 4 0 0 0 Texas Districts October 15, 1866 4 0 0 0 Virginia Districts — 8 0 0 0 Total 193 45 10 2 7 145 3

Maps

Special elections

39th Congress

40th Congress

Alabama

Alabama did not hold elections until 1868 during Reconstruction.

Arkansas

California

Colorado Territory See non-voting delegates, below.

Connecticut

Dakota Territory See non-voting delegates, below.

Delaware

Florida

Florida did not hold elections until 1868 during Reconstruction.

Georgia

Georgia did not hold elections until 1868 during Reconstruction.

Idaho Territory See non-voting delegates, below.

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Louisiana did not hold elections until 1868 during Reconstruction.

Maine

Maryland

1866–67 United States House of Representatives elections

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