The James Bond series of novels and films has been parodied and referenced many times in a number of different media, including books, comics, films, television shows, and video games. Most notable of all these parodies is the spoof Casino Royale in 1967, which was produced using the actual film rights purchased from writer Ian Fleming over a decade prior to its release. Unlike an imitation, a parody is often protected from legal affairs by the people whose property is being parodied.
Premise James Bond parodies generally contain several elements, adopted from the James Bond novels and films, which are featured in these parody works. These usually include the following:
The protagonist(s) is a near invincible secret service agent, who works for a secret government national or international intelligence agency. In some parodies, the hero is recast as a bumbling idiot, who achieves the given objectives through sheer luck or as a fluke and pre-planning. The protagonist is in frequent contact with beautiful, provocative and often scantily clad women during the course of his assignment. Some of these women are dangerous spies working for the other side. Villains accomplices and some women's costumes, whether they are in league with the seen or hidden villain, are evocative and trendy. In the original Bond books and films, the chief adversary is usually an evil genius, who heads an international criminal syndicate, which seeks to destroy the current world order, in order to achieve global domination. In the parody, the villain can be a bumbling, over-important, arrogant fool himself. Much is made of the use of innovative gadgetry, which the protagonist uses to his advantage. The main villain is sometimes completely unseen behind a chair with a menacing voice, smoking, drinking or stroking a cat. Humour is an important component of this genre. Flirtatious and suave tact and flair takes first place. There can be jokes about how stupid or expendable the random anonymous henchman are. There are also various subgenres, within this style. Some of the most notable variants include: a female protagonist(s) (in place of the male), child protagonists, a strong science fiction element (known as spy-fi) and the erotic (adult) spy novel, comic, or film. The term Eurospy refers to the large number of films within this genre that were produced in Europe. Although many of the James Bond parodies were produced in the United States or Europe, the genre is very much an international one, with novels, comics and films being produced across the globe.
Advertising campaigns From 1999 to 2006, Guinness promoted its products in Africa using the advertising character, Michael Power (played by Cleveland Mitchell), as the cornerstone of a major marketing campaign. Jo Foster of the BBC referred to Power as "Africa's very own 'James Bond'". The character was portrayed as having been born in Jamaica and raised in Great Britain. By 2003, it became one of the best-known alcohol advertising campaigns in Africa. In 2002, Guinness applied the Michael Power formula to Asia with the character Adam King. In 2012, model Shirley Mallmann appeared in a tribute to the James Bond franchise in celebration of its 50th anniversary for the Brazilian ELLE magazine. She starred in a video directed by Manuel Nogueira titled "Bond Girl Reloaded", where she dons looks from Alexandre Herchcovitch and Balmain, while battling armed villains, ending in a fiery explosion. In 2021, MI6 released the image of its annual Christmas Card, which that year featured Father Christmas posing with a candy cane against a backdrop reminiscent of the Bond movies' opening credits.
Comics The Dutch comic series Agent 327 by Martin Lodewijk started out as a parody of James Bond, but later evolved more into its own thing, though still maintaining elements from the franchise. Anacleto, agente secreto, Spanish comic by Manuel Vázquez Gallego has often been cited as a James Bond parody, but Gallego claimed that his initial inspiration was the TV series Get Smart. Asterix and the Black Gold is largely a parody of James Bond, with a Roman secret spy named Dubbelosix who is a caricature of Sean Connery. The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen: The Black Dossier features a ruthless and sadistic British spy named Jimmy Bond, descended from the League's 19th-century go-between Campion Bond. He reappears in The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen: Century as Sir James, a respected figure in the intelligence community being maliciously kept alive by a vengeful M despite suffering from syphilis, emphysema, and cirrhosis. 007 -The James Bomb Musical, a Mad Magazine musical based on the James Bond films, where the mysterious head of the evil organisation trying to kill 007 is revealed to be Mike Hammer. The plot was written by Frank Jacobs and drawn by Mort Drucker. It appeared in issue #94 (April 1965). In issue #165 (March 1974) of Mad Magazine spoofed eight James Bond movies, again drawn by Mort Drucker, but written by Arnie Kogen. In issue #340 (October 1995) of Mad, Mike Snider and Angelo Torres spoofed James Bond by turning it in a politically correct updated version for the 1990s. The comic book series Planetary has a secret agent character named John Stone who closely resembles Bond, but has some similarities to Nick Fury One issue of the Sonic the Hedgehog Archie comics featured several references to James Bond in a story entitled "The Man from H.E.D.G.E.H.O.G." Among these were: a screen that depicted several of Dr. Robotnik's failed operations, all of which had been thwarted by Sonic the Hedgehog, all named after James Bond movie titles: Moonraker, Dr. No, Thunderball, and Goldfinger; the head of a secret intelligence group known by the alias "Who"; a crate labeled "For Your Eyes Only"; and Sonic making use of one of James Bond's humorous quips "Shocking ... positively shocking". Agent 008½ in the Moomin comic strip, episode 48, 1966. In the manga and anime Spy × Family, an animated cartoon series exists in its universe called Spy Wars which features the main character Bondman, the Forgers' family pet dog Bond is also named after the character. 0.0. Duck and Mata Harrier are a secret-agent duo from the Donald Duck universe featuring in several Disney comics.
Films Unofficial parodies Matt Helm First published in 1960, Matt Helm is a fictional character created by author Donald Hamilton. The character is not meant to be a spoof of James Bond, rather having attributes of an homage, but not in the strict sense. Film versions of Matt Helm, as played by Dean Martin, were meant to spoof the 007 movies as well as the character James Bond. The four movies made took their titles from Hamilton's novels, though the movies had little in common with the books of the same name. The Silencers and Murderers' Row were released in 1966. The Ambushers in 1967 and The Wrecking Crew in 1968.
Austin Powers
Austin Powers is a film series created by Canadian comedian Mike Myers. Many of the characters throughout the franchise are parodies of Bond characters, including Myers' character of the same name. Myers has said that Sean Connery was the inspiration for his character, especially Powers' thick chest hair. In addition, the names of the films are also parodies of Bond novels and films.
Films International Man of Mystery (1997) The Spy Who Shagged Me (1999) is a parody of The Spy Who Loved Me. Goldmember (2002) is a parody of Goldfinger. The title of the film led to legal action being taken by MGM, the distributors of the James Bond film franchise, that briefly led to the film's title being removed from promotional material and trailers. During the period when the film had no official title, it was unofficially being called Never Say Member Again, a reference to the non-canon Bond film Never Say Never Again. The dispute was quickly resolved and the original film title remained. Although MGM most likely would have lost a court case against the makers of Goldmember (see: Copyright information on parodies), MGM did secure a spot for the trailer to 2002's Bond film Die Another Day in settlement.
Characters Ernst Stavro Blofeld, the head of SPECTRE and Bond's archenemy, is parodied in all three Austin Powers films as Dr. Evil (Mike Myers). Like Blofeld in You Only Live Twice, Dr. Evil has a facial scar over his eye and wears either a white or a grey Nehru jacket which is also worn by the first Bond villain, Dr. Julius No (Joseph Wiseman). Both characters also possess white Persian cats. Dr. Evil's cat Mr. Bigglesworth, however, loses its hair due to a side-effect of the cryogenic freezing process which preserved Dr. Evil for 30 years. Dr. Evil is a parody of Donald Pleasence's Blofeld. Basil Exposition (Michael York), the head of Powers' organisation is meant to be a combined parody of both M (as portrayed by Bernard Lee and Robert Brown) and Q (Desmond Llewelyn). Alotta Fagina (Fabiana Udenio) is a parody, in name, of the Bond girl Pussy Galore (Honor Blackman). Goldmember (Mike Myers), like Auric Goldfinger (Gert Fröbe), also had a passion for gold; he also possessed a golden gun similar to that used by Francisco Scaramanga (Christopher Lee), the villain of The Man with the Golden Gun. Colonel Rosa Klebb (Lotte Lenya) in the Bond film From Russia with Love and Irma Bunt (Ilse Steppat) from On Her Majesty's Secret Service are said to be the prototypes of Frau Greta Farbissina (Mindy Sterling), a top villain in Dr. Evil's organisation. Emilio Largo (Adolfo Celi), the SPECTRE villain from Thunderball is parodied in every Austin Powers film as Number Two (Robert Wagner). Random Task (Joe Son) is identical to Goldfinger's henchman, Oddjob (Harold Sakata), except he throws a shoe instead of a bowler hat.
Daniel Craig cameo in Star Wars In the 2015 movie Star Wars: The Force Awakens directed by J. J. Abrams, after the main character, Rey (Daisy Ridley), is captured by the First Order, she uses the Force to convince a stormtrooper into setting her free. The actor who played the stormtrooper was Daniel Craig, and the crew of The Force Awakens unofficially dubbed the character "FN-007", in reference to Craig's role as James Bond. Fans adopted this name, as well as "JB-007", for the character. However, the 2016 video game Lego Star Wars: The Force Awakens identified the character as FN-1824, which is now considered his official name.
Other parodies Hot Enough for June, a.k.a. Agent (1964), a British spy comedy with Dirk Bogarde. Carry On Spying (1964), British parody with Charles Hawtrey's intended character name James Bind, Agent changed to Charlie Bind, Agent 000 (Double 0, oh!) for copyright reasons. That Man from Rio (1964), French adventure spoof of Bond-type films. Le Tigre aime la chair fraiche (1964), Le Tigre se parfume à la dynamite (1965), and Blue Panther, a.k.a. Marie Chantal contre Dr. (1965), French trilogy directed by Claude Chabrol. 008: Operation Exterminate (1965), featuring MacDonald (Ingrid Schoeller), Agent 008, female 007 type agent. Directed by Umberto Lenzi. Agent 077: Mission Bloody Mary and Agent 077 From the Orient with Fury (both 1965), Italian Eurospy adventures starring Ken Clark. Two Mafiosi Against Goldfinger (1965). One of many Italian Eurospy films that spoof the James Bond formula. Also known as The Amazing Dr. G. Slå først, Frede! aka Strike First Freddy (1965) and its successor Slap af, Frede! aka Relax Freddie (1966) are Danish parodies directed by Erik Balling. Frede Hansen was played by Morten Grunwald. Dr. Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine (1965) and Dr. Goldfoot and the Girl Bombs (1966) satirise the James Bond films, particularly Goldfinger. The Intelligence Men (1965), broad farce with British comic duo Eric Morecambe and Ernie Wise.