Derzhavin (masculine, Russian: Державин) or Derzhavina (feminine, Russian: Державина) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Gavrila Derzhavin (1743–1816), Russian poet and statesman Konstantin Derzhavin (1903–1956), Soviet and Russian translator, writer, and literary and theater critic Mikhail Derzhavin (1936–2018), Soviet and Russian actor
See also 23409 Derzhavin, a minor planet