Russian rock music originated in the Soviet Union in the 1960s based on the influence of Western rock musicДобротой по Дурости и Трусости. Артемий Троицкий — о «ДДТ» // НГ — Культура, May 15, 2017 and bard songs, and was developed by both amateur bands and official VIA.
The "golden age" of Russian rock was during the 1980s (especially the era of perestroika), when the Soviet underground rock bands became able to release their records officially. During this period, "rock clubs" were created, bands like "Kino", "Alisa", "DDT", "Bravo", "Nautilus Pompilius", "Aria", "Chaif", and "Grazhdanskaya Oborona" appeared and gained popularity, and already known groups, such as "Mashina Vremeni" and "Aquarium", began to publish albums officially.
Russian rock's characteristic feature was the emphasis on the lyrics. Due to its lyrical emphasis, it became a symbol of the youth of the Perestroika era. Russian rock of the 20th century is often considered a united cultural movement that has some common musical, aesthetic and ideological features.Здесь надо понять, что когда мы говорим о русском роке, то имеем в виду целостное стилистически движение, русские тексты и особого рода музыку. // Я введу вас в мир… поп / Троицкий А., Стечкин И. М.: Время, 2006 ISBN 596910096X, 9785969100961 Русская рок-поэзия: текст и контекст : сборник научных трудов / Доманский Ю. Тверской государственный университет, 2003Двадцатый век. Музыка войны и мира. Материалы международной научной конференции / Власова Е., Зенкин К., Карачевская М. Litres, 2017. ISBN 5040433476, 9785040433476 В этих условиях русский рок создал целую инфраструктуру <…>, вполне организованное движение, включавшее в себя клубы, самодеятельные студии звукозаписи, обширную самиздатовскую прессу, <…> фестивали, собиравшие обширную аудиторию…Алексеев А. С, А. П. Бурлака, А. Сидоров. Кто есть кто в советском роке — М. : Издательство МП «Останкино», 1991. — 320 с. — 200 000 экз. — ISBN 5-86018-001-2. РУССКИЙ РОК, НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ РОК. За неимением лучшего, этим термином обозначают направление в отечественном рок-движении, ориентированное на соединение традиций рок-н-ролла и русского мелоса. In the 21st century, almost all genres of rock music exist in Russia, which is why "Russian rock" has become a more vague concept.Артемий Троицкий: «Рок перестал быть режущим предметом» — Радио Свобода, 29 декабря 2016 При этом говорить, что они представляют собой сегодня какое-то мощное общественно значимое движение, как это было в 80-е годы, не приходится. Движения нет, но отдельные силы есть, они в достаточной мере разрозненны, но достаточно разнообразны. The majority of the Russian bands perform in the Russian language.
According to various polls,Zakharov, Leonid (6 July 2004). "Группы, которые изменили наш мир" (in Russian). Komsomolskaya Pravda. Retrieved 7 December 2009.Читатели "КП" выбрали лучшие рок-группы страны: "Кино", "КиШ" и "Алиса" (in Russian). By Yulia Mazur. Komsomolskaya Pravda (April 13, 2016). the most popular Russian rock bands include Kino, Aquarium, Aria, Alisa, DDT and Agatha Christie.
History
The early 1960s: Local bard music and first western influences By the mid-1960s, beat groups had formed in Moscow and Leningrad, at first performing cover versions of foreign hits on home-made equipment. Among these groups were "Sokol", In Russian "Scythians", "Buffoons" and "Slavs" (Alexander Gradsky's groups), In Russian and "Forest Brothers".Новости - K. Vasin, Rumba magazine, p.4 - "Novosti Press Agency", 1989. In Russian In 1965, the band Sokol released the first rock song in Russian, "Gde tot krai?" ().Юрий Айзеншпис: Тот, кто зажигает «звёзд» // «Коммерсантъ Деньги» № 10, 15.03.1995. In Russian The beat quartet "Integral" performed jazz music and compositions in the style of The Shadows and The Swinging Blue Jeans, and also composed their own twists and rock 'n' rolls. With the spread of Beatlemania,«Джон должен был быть здесь»: основатель «Битлз» как крестный отец русского рока. In Russian almost every school had its own rock band.Агеев А. «Вудсток- наш!» Кто главный. In Russian The movement was partly influenced by the ideology of the Western hippies.. In Russian
At the same time, Russian rock was partly influenced by bard music, a style referred to as avtorskaya pesnya (), mostly played on unaccompanied acoustic guitar. It was characterized by a strong emphasis on lyrics that sometimes carried a subversive meaning, as well as a lively and informal approach to the theme - romance, everyday life, military songs, patriotic songs, satire, irony etc. The most famous performers of the bard song were Alexander Galich, Vladimir Vysotsky, Bulat Okudzhava.
Meanwhile, Western music was either being smuggled across the border or released by Melodiya as part of what was essentially state-run media piracy, with The Beatles taking a firm place in Soviet popular culture, and artists such as The Rolling Stones and Deep Purple completing a somewhat distorted picture of Western music.
The late 1960s and 1970s: Formation of the movement
In the late 1960s, the most advanced Russian rockers began experimenting with folk sound.Александр Лерман и Анатолий Алешин рассказывают о легендарной группе "Ветры Перемен". In Russian
The beat music movement developed in the provinces. The first Russian rock and roll magazine "Beat-Echo" was released in 1965 (as samizdat).Кудряц Е. Прощание с легендой // Зарубежные задворки. — 2010. — № 2—3. In Russian On December 18, 1966, the first rock festival in the USSR was held in Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk region.Карасюк Д. Четыре года общего режима за песни Ленина-Маккартни // diletant.media. — 2016. — 15 дек. In RussianЛегендарные рок-фестивали СССР . In Russian In May 1969, the festival later known as "Woodstock-na-Donu" was held in Rostov-na-Donu.Посиделов В. «ВУДСТОК»-на-Дону // Ростов официальный. — 2004. — 21 янв. — № 3 (477). — С. 11. In Russian
However, the musicians of independent bands faced two problems that limited their activities. The first was the unavailability of recording studios (then sole record label, Melodiya, would later forge a partnership with international label EMI in the 70sIn Russian). The second problem was that after completing higher education, musicians had to make a choice: to leave to work in their specialty or join a professional band - VIA ().. In Russian
Guitar-driven bands evolved during this time, including Leningrad-based Pojuschie Gitary and Belarusian Pesnyary. These bands started the VIA movement, and were followed by others, such as Tsvety, Ariel,5 легендарных рок-фестивалей, которые потрясли СССР In Russian , and Sinyaya Ptitsa. Some Soviet composers — David Tukhmanov, Yury Antonov — tried to combine the traditions of Soviet estrada with modern musical ideas, including those introduced by Western rock music.Дальний берег детства. Песни Давида Тухманова как новая коллективная память. In Russian At the same time, Mashina Vremeni in Moscow and Aquarium in Leningrad started as nominally amateur bands and soon became popular, performing underground concerts.
In the early 1970s, Yuri Morozov invented a kind of Russian psychedelic rock, using elements of progressive rock and ethnic Russian music. His sound influenced DDT, Aquarium, Chizh & Co, and many others, while he worked with them as a sound engineer. Morozov, as well as "Scythians", "Sadko" and "Tin Soldiers", released the earliest Russian rock recordings through samizdat.
Another notable artist who started his activity at the same time is Alexander Gradsky, who fused bard music with Western rock. As successful composer and singer, he was able to release some of his recordings through Melodiya since 1973.
In 1970 and 1971, the first All-Soviet rock festival "Silver Strings" was held.Рок «Сейшн», легенды Горького — на сцене Sound Hall In Russian5 легендарных рок-фестивалей, которые потрясли СССР In 1971 and 1972, the "Pop Federation" organization was engaged in underground rock concerts.. In Russian Moscow Power Engineering Institute was the most famous venue for rock bands of the 1970s in Moscow.Телепрограмма «По волне моей памяти»: Александр Градский. In RussianАлександр Градский о "Машине времени: «Вас всех забудут, а эти будут играть». In Russian In March 1976, Tallinn (ESSR) hosted the "Tallinn Youth Songs" Rock Festival, which brought together bands from different republics of the Soviet Union.«Было, есть, будет…» А. Макаревич. Эксмо, 2015 г. ISBN 978-5-699-75838-8. In Russian During this period, concert recordings, rather than studio recordings, were mainly distributed, which were rewritten as self-published from one owner of the tape recorder to another.История советской пиратской музыки: «Я фокстрот танцевал и танцевать буду!». In Russian Since 1979, new underground recording studios have emerged (AnTrop, Sverdlovsk Studio etc.).
For Leningrad, the concept of acoustic kvartirnik (house concert) was spread; Moscow bands performed mainly in electricity. "Ruby Attack", "Argonauts", "Mify", "Successful Acquisition", "Mashina Vremeni", "Sankt-Peterburg",«Тонкая игра — Владимир Рекшан. Сорок лет от рождения Легенды. Сентябрь 2009» "Rossiyane", "Vysokosnoe leto", "Autograph", and "Voskreseniye" were among the main groups of the 1970s underground scene. Most of them were influenced by the styles of art rock, hard rock and progressive rock.
Some of the first officially published full-length rock albums were "Russian pictures" VIA "Ariel" (1977) and "Guslar" VIA "Pesnyary" (1979).Бог Рок-н-Ролла. 65-ЛЕТИЮ ГРАНДИОЗНОГО АЛЕКСАНДРА ГРАДСКОГО ПОСВЯЩАЕТСЯ. ЧЕЛОВЕК, КОТОРЫЙ ХОТЕЛ «УРЫТЬ „БИТЛЗ“», И ЕГО ПАРАДОКСАЛЬНЫЕ «РУССКИЕ ПЕСНИ». In Russian Some Soviet composers of the turn of the 70s - 80s worked in the rock opera format; the most famous works are "Orpheus and Eurydice" (1975), "The Star and the Death of Joaquin Murieta" (1978), and "Juno and Avos" (1981).
The 1980s: Golden era
In the 1980s, an underground scene of rock artists emerged who based their style on a mix of Western rock music (particularly from the 1960s and 1970s, but also, increasingly, on the emerging New Wave,. In Russian. In Russian. In Russian NWOBHMКнига «Рок-музыка в СССР. Опыт популярной энциклопедии», 1990 // Источник: История советской рок-музыки (СМИ СССР). In Russian and Western punk rock) and the Russian bard traditions. Bands such as Voskreseniye, Alisa, Autograph, Kino, Mashina Vremeni, Nautilus Pompilius, Aquarium, Secret, Piknik, DDT, Krematorij, Grazhdanskaya Oborona, and Agatha Christie became influential in the development of the genre, with subsequent artists influenced by their style. At the same time, many bands of the 1980s were, in a sense, a group accompanying a songwriter. Often bands were formed around such an author of lyrics (and sometimes music), who was usually considered a "leader" and, just like the band, became widely known.
In 1980, Spring Rhythms: Tbilisi-80 took place in Tbilisi in the Georgian SSR.Всесвит: літературно-художній та громадсько-политичний місячник, Випуски 7 — 9. Спілка письменників України, Українське товариство дружби і культурного зв’язку з зарубіжними країнами. — Радянський письменник, 1987. In Ukrainian100 знаменитых символов советской эпохи / А. Ю. Хорошевский. — Харьков: Фолио, 2006. — 510 с. — (Серия «100 знаменитых»). — ISBN 966-03-3385-4. In Russian It was the first official rock festival in the Soviet Union.. In Russian Many of the prize-winners at the festival were rock groups from the Russian SFSR, as well as Georgia and the Baltics. The "Fiztech—1982" festival actually launched the popularity of new wave.ИСТОРИЯ РУССКОГО РОКА.1982 ГОД. ФЕСТИВАЛЬ В ФИЗТЕХЕ.