Paoli is an Italian surname, derived from the given name Paolo (Paul). Notable people with the surname include:
Amalia Paoli ( 1861–1941), Puerto Rican soprano, sister of Antonio Ambrose De Paoli (1934–2007), Roman Catholic cleric and Papal Nuncio Angelo Paoli (1642–1720), Italian Carmelite Antonio Paoli (1871–1946), Puerto Rican tenor Carl Paoli, actor and stuntman Cécile Paoli, French actress Cesare Paoli (1840–1902), Italian historian and paleographer Enrico Paoli (1908–2005), Italian chess master Francisco Matos Paoli (1915–2000), poet, critic, essayist and Puerto Rican nationalist, nominated for the Nobel Prize in literature Gino Paoli (1934–2026), Italian singer-songwriter Jean Paoli, French computer scientist Lorenzo Paoli (born 1988), Italian footballer Ottaviano di Paoli (died 1206), Italian Roman Catholic cardinal Pasquale Paoli (1725–1807), Corsican general and patriot who headed the Corsican struggle for independence Virginio De Paoli (1938–2009), Italian football player and coach