Bureau is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
André Bureau (1935–2019), Canadian lawyer and communications executive Bernard Béréau (1940–2005), French footballer Bernard Bureau (born 1959), French footballer Édouard Bureau (1830–1918), French physician and botanist Florent Bureau (1906–1999), Belgian mathematician Gaspard Bureau (died 1469) French artillery officer, brother of Jean Jacques Bureau (1860–1933), Canadian politician Jean Bureau (c. 1390–1463) French artillery commander Jean Pierre Roman Bureau (1770–1851), French-born American politician and co-founder of Gallipolis, Ohio Marc Bureau (ice hockey) (born 1966), Canadian ice hockey player Marc Bureau (politician) (born 1955), Canadian politician, mayor of Gatineau Roger Bureau (1905–1945), Belgian speed skater and ice hockey player Stéphan Bureau (born 1964), Canadian television journalist