Turquoise is a cyan color, based on the mineral of the same name.
The X11 color named turquoise is displayed on the right.
Names The word turquoise dates to the 16th century and is derived from the Old French turquois meaning "Turkish" because the mineral was first brought to Europe through the Ottoman Empire from the mines in the historical Khorasan province of Iran (Persia).Turquoise . minerals.usgs.gov The name is considered a misnomer, as the mineral came from Persia and is not found in Turkey. The first recorded use of turquoise as a color name in English was in 1573.Maerz and Paul (1930). A Dictionary of Color. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 206; Color Sample of Turquoise [green]: Page 73, Plate 25, Color Sample I5.
Pliny the Elder referred to the mineral as callais (from Ancient Greek ) and the Aztecs knew it as chalchihuitl.
In professional mineralogy, until the mid-19th century, the scientific names kalaiteThe Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, 1st American ed., Volume 13. — J. and E. Parker edition, 1832. or azure spar were also used, which simultaneously provided a version of the mineral origin of turquoise.Encyclopaedia Britannica, Volume fifth. — Edinburgh: printed for Archibald Constable and Company, 1824. However, these terms did not become widespread and gradually fell out of use.
Turquoise gemstones
Turquoise is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral that is a hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminium, with the chemical formula Cu Al6(P O4)4(OH)8·4H2O. It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been prized as a gem and ornamental stone for thousands of years owing to its unique hue.
Turquoise was mined by pre-Columbian Native Americans in deposits in New Mexico (Los Cerrillos) and likely in California as well. Additionally, it was used by the Ancient Egyptians, although not very commonly. Several turquoise artefacts, such as beads and reclining calves, have also been found in Greece, dating to the Mycenaean era (1500BC).
Turquoise mining later attracted brief European interest in the late 1800s. Prices peaked in 1890, then collapsed by 1912, ending large-scale operations. During Mohammad Khodabanda's reign (1578–1587), accumulated turquoise dust from fifty years of mining in Safavid Iran was squandered lavishly, reflecting royal excess amid economic hardship, political discord, and rising factionalism among the qezelbash elite.
Turquoise is a stone and color that is strongly associated with the domes and interiors of large mosques in Iran, Central Asia, and Russia.
Variations
Celeste
Celeste is a sky blue turquoise.
Light turquoise
Light turquoise is a lighter tone of turquoise.
Turquoise blue
Turquoise blue is close to turquoise on the color wheel, but slightly more blue. — 'Turquoise blue' is shown lying very close to Turquoise, but very slightly more bluish.
The first recorded use of turquoise blue as a color name in English was in 1900.
Medium turquoise
This is the web color medium turquoise.
Dark turquoise
This is the web color dark turquoise.
Bright turquoise
This is the color bright turquoise.
See also
Notes
References