Leyser is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Polykarp Leyser (disambiguation), multiple people Ernst von Leyser (1889–1962), German Wehrmacht general and war criminal Ernst Ludwig Leyser (1896–1973), German Nazi Party official Karl Leyser (1920–1992), German-born British historian, husband of Henrietta and father of Ottoline Henrietta Leyser (born 1941), English historian Ottoline Leyser (born 1965), British plant biologist