Velikov (masculine, ) or Velikova (feminine, ) is a Bulgarian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Nikolai Velikov (born 1945), Russian figure skater and coach Ludmila Velikova (born 1947), Russian figure skater and coach Petar Velikov (born 1951), Bulgarian chess grandmaster Igor Velikov (born 1976), Bulgarian/American investor and philanthropist Veselin Velikov (born 1977), Bulgarian footballer Maxim Velikov (born 1982), Russian ice hockey player Radoslav Velikov (born 1983), Bulgarian freestyle wrestler