Chamberlayne is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Edith Chamberlayne (1869–1918), English composer Edward Chamberlayne (1616–1703), English writer Francis Chamberlayne (after 1667–1728), English politician George Chamberlayne (c. 1703–1757), British politician John Chamberlayne (c.1668–1723), English writer, translator, and courtier John Hampden Chamberlayne (1838–1882), American politician and publisher from Virginia Tankerville Chamberlayne (1840–1924), English Member of Parliament Thomas Chamberlayne (disambiguation) several men with this name William Chamberlayne (poet) (1619–1679), English poet William Chamberlayne (MP) (1760–1829), English Member of Parliament and landowner Chamberlayne family, an influential family of Weston, Southampton, United Kingdom Chamberlayne family, an influential family in Virginia, descended from William Chamberlayne (burgess) of Hereford who settled in New Kent County, Colony of Virginia