An ethnonym is the name applied to a given ethnic group. Ethnonyms can be divided into two categories: exonyms (where the name of the ethnic group has been created by another group of people) and autonyms or endonyms (self-designation; where the name is created and used by the ethnic group itself). This article does not cover ethnic slurs.
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AfrikaansJood Albaniançifut (i/ja) (ethnic)hebre (u/ja) (ethnic)izraelit (i/ja) Arabic يهودي Yahūdī (sl.); يهود Yahūd (pl.) بنو إسرائيل Banū Isra’il عبري ʕibrī Azerbaijani yəhudi Armenian հրեա hrea (sing.); հրեաներ hreaner (pl.) Basque Judu or judutar Bengali ইহুদী Ihudī, ইহুদি Ihudi Bulgarian Евреин, evrein (masc.); еврейка, evreika (fem.); евреи, evrei (pl.); юдеи, yudei (pl., archaic) Bosnian Jevrej, Jevrejin, Židov, Ćifut, Ćifo/Ćifko (probably from Turkish (Çıfıt) or Kurdish (Cihû), derogatory) Catalan Jueu (masc. sig.); jueus (masc. pl.), jueva (fem. sing.); jueves (fem. pl.) Chinese猶太人, Chinese, Traditional犹太人, Chinese, Simplified, pinyin: Yóutài Rén CornishYedhoweth CroatianŽidov CzechŽid (as a member of nation) or žid (as a confessor of Judaism) DanishJøde (sing.); Jøder (pl.) DutchJood EnglishJews, see Jew (word)1Hebrews2Israelites or Children of Israel3 Esperanto. L.L. Zamenhof described himself as . EstonianJuut FinnishJuutalainen FrenchJuif (masc.); Juive (fem.), old formal term israélite (as in the Crémieux Decree) GalegoXudeu (masc. sing.); Xudía (fem. sing.); Xudeus (masc. pl.); Xudías (fem. pl.) Georgianებრაელი, Ebraeli GermanJude (masc.); Jüdin (fem.); Juden (pl.) Greek, Ioudaios1, Hebraios (from Evrei)2, Israelites (from Israel)3 Hebrewיהודי, Yehudi (sl.m); יהודיה, Yehudia (sl.f); יהודים, Yehudim/Yehudioth (pl.) 1 עברי, Ivri (sl.m); עבריה, Ivria (sl.f); עברים, Ivrim/Ivrioth2 בני ישׂראל, Bnei Yisrael (pl.)3Hindiयहूदी YahūdīHungarianzsidó Icelandic gyðingur (sl.) Indonesian/Malay Yahudi, Banī Israel Irish Giúdach ItalianGiudeo (masc. sing.); giudei (masc. pl.). This word has mostly a pejorative connotation, "ebreo" is nowadays preferred;Ebreo (masc. sing.); ebrei (masc. pl.); ebrea (fem. sing.); ebree (fem. pl.) Japaneseユダヤ人, Yudayajin Korean유태인, Yutae-in KurdishCihû, Mûsayî/مووسایی, Cûleke/جوله که Ladinodjudio, Judio (singular)los ebreos (the Jews) LatinIudaeus1 LatvianEbrejs (masc. sg.), ebrejiete (fem. sg.), ebreji (masc. pl.), ebrejietes (fem. pl). The terms žīds (masc. sg.), žīdiete (fem. sg.), žīdi (masc. pl.) and žīdietes (fem. pl.) were also used alongside up until World War II as a neutral ethnonym. However, post-World War II mainly due to it being used in the Nazi propaganda and the influence of Russian, the term has become to be traditionally considered derogatory. LithuanianŽydas (sg.), žydai (pl.)LugandaAbayudaya (from "people of Judah") Malayalam യഹൂദൻ, yahudan Mongolian еврей, еврей NorwegianJøde OjibweZhoodawi (from the French: judéité) or Joowiwi (from the English: Jew) Persianجهود or يهود -- Johud (Persian) or Yahūd (from Middle Persian Yahūt)کلیمی, Kalimi (religious) a follower of Kalim Allah, also a euphemism for Johud. PolishŻyd (sg.), Żydzi (pl. neutral), Żydowie (pl. respectful), Żydy (pl. contemptuous)Anna Wierzbicka, The Semantics of Grammar, , 1988, p. 456; żyd (sg.), żydzi (pl. neutral), żydowie (pl. respectful), żydy (pl. contemptuous) — as a confessors of Judaism PortugueseJudeu; judeus (masc. pl.); judia; judias (fem. pl.). Also hebreus and israelitas (both masc. pl.) RomanianEvreu, israelit, jidov (archaic), ovrei (archaic and demeaning), jidan (highly pejorative) Russian Еврей, Yevrey (sg.); Евреи, Yevrei2 (pl.): Typically denotes the ethnicity; жид, zhid (masc. sing, pejorative), жидовка, zhidovka (fem. sing., pejorative); Russian language being rich in inflection, there is a large number of pejorative forms derived from the two basic ones.Иудей, Iudey (sg.); Иудеи, Iudei1 (pl.): Typically denotes the followers of Judaism.Scottish GaelicIùdach (sing. nom.) Iùdaich (pl. nom.) SerbianЈевреј Jevrej SlovakŽid SpanishJudío (m. sing) Judía (f. sing) Judíos (plu) Judías (f. plu)Hebreo (m. sing) Hebrea (f. sing) Hebreos (plu) Hebreas (f. plu)Israelita (sing) Israelitas (plu) as in "Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina". SwahiliYahudi SwedishJudeTamazightuday (pronounced ) Tagalog Hudyo, Israelita (both derived from Spanish) Thaiคนยิว, khon yiu (from the English: Jew) TibetanYahutapa UkrainianЖид (sl.); Жиди (pl.) Urduیہودی Yahūdī (sl.); یہود Yahūd (pl.) Vietnamesengười Do Thái TurkishYahudi, Çıfıt (religious, and ethnic) something related to, or a follower of Judaism, latter usually considered pejorative.Musevi, (religious) a follower of Moses, an euphemism for Yahudi.İbrani, (ethnic) Hebrews.İsrailoğulları, IsraelitesWelshIddewon Yiddishאיד,ייִד Yid1 (pronounced ) (sing.); ייִדן, Yidn (pronounced ) (pl.)
See also Jew (word) Person of Jewish ethnicity
Footnotes 1 Ioudaios, Yehudi, Jewish, a "Judaean", "from the land of Yehuda (Judah, Judea)". 2 Ivri, Hebrew, "one who passes over", a reference to the Biblical patriarch Abraham (or possibly Eber). 3 Israel, "one who has struggled with God", the name given to the Biblical patriarch Jacob.
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