This is a list of currently active separatist movements in South America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.

Criteria What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria: They are active movements with active members. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy). They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following: De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy. (Excluding Uncontacted peoples) Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state. Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession. De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region. Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control. Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession. Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations. Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities. Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s).

Argentina

Proposed state: Mendoza Advocacy group: Éxito Wallmapu

Proposed state: Wallmapu Advocacy groups: Consejo de Todas las Tierras, Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche, Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco

Patagonia Proposed state: Patagonia Advocacy group: Movimiento Independentista Patagónico

Proposed autonomous area: Rio Negro Province Political Party: Together We Are Río Negro Ethnic group: Tehuelche people and Mapuche

Ethnic group: Toba people, Wichí Proposed: Autonomy for

Santa María Department Ethnic group: Diaguita Proposed: autonomy for the Diaguita in the Santa María Department

and Ethnic group: Qulla Proposed: autonomy for the Qulla

Proposed: autonomy for Advocacy group: Partido Autonomista de Corrientes

Proposed: self determination for

Center Region Proposed: independence for the Center Region

Brazil

Secessionist movements South Region (, and ) Proposed: independence for the South Region Advocacy group: The South Is My Country

Proposed state: Republic of São Paulo Advocacy group: Movimento São Paulo Independente

North Region Proposed: independence for the North Region Advocacy group: Associação Cultural dos Povos da Amazônia

Northeast Region

Proposed: independence for the Northeast Region Advocacy group: Nordeste Independente

Proposed: independence for Advocacy group: Movimento República da Bahia

Proposed: independence for Advocacy group: O Espírito Santo é meu país

Proposed: independence for Advocacy group: O Rio é meu país

Brasília Proposed: independence for Brasília Advocacy group: Movimento Brasìlia Independente

Proposed: Independence for Advocacy group: Movimento Ceará Meu País

Proposed: independence for Advocacy group: Movimento Roraima independente

Proposed: independence for Advocacy group: Movimento República de Goiás

Autonomist movements Western Proposed federative unit: State of Tapajós Advocacy groups: Instituto Cidadão Pró-Estado do Tapajós (supported by the municipality of Santarém), Union of Municipalities for the State of TapajósSuggestion 5/2025 to the Committee on Participatory Legislation

Bolivia Santa Cruz Proposed state: Santa Cruz Advocacy group: Nación Camba Qullasuyu Proposed state: Qullasuyu Proposed state or autonomous area: Qullasuyu Advocacy groups for increased autonomy: Ethnocacerism, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin, National Confederation of Peruvian Amazonian Nationalities, Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army, Pachakuti Indigenous Movement and Indian Movement Túpac Katari, National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, Students, Reservists and Laborers (ANTAURO), Union for Peru, Go on Country, Peruvian Nationalist Party, Federation of Neighborhood Councils-El Alto Ethnic group: Aymara people

Lomerío nation Ethnic group: Monkoxɨ people Proposed: autonomy for the Monkoxɨ people Advocacy group: Central Indígena de Comunidades Originarias de Lomerío

Chile

Wallmapu Proposed state or autonomous area: Wallmapu Advocacy groups: Consejo de Todas las Tierras, Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche, Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco Patagonia Proposed state: Patagonia Pressure groups: Movimiento Independentista Patagónico Chiloé Proposed autonomous area: Chiloé Advocacy group: Movimiento Archipiélago Soberano

Arica y Parinacota Proposed autonomous area: Arica y Parinacota Region Political party: Arica Estado Independiente

Proposed autonomous area: Magallanes Advocacy group: Partido Regionalista de Magallanes

Aysén Region Proposed: greater autonomy for the Aysén Region Advocacy group: Aysén Regional Productive Development Committee

Colombia

Antioquia Proposed state: Antioquia Advocacy group: Por una Antioquia Libre y Soberana Choco

Proposed state: Choco Advocacy group: República del Chocó Caribe Proposed state: República del Caribe

Autonomist Amazon natural region Ethnic group: Indigenous peoples in Colombia Proposed: autonomy for the Indigenous peoples in Colombia

Magdalena Medio Antioquia Proposed: turning Magdalena Medio into its own department

Ecuador Guayaquil

Proposed state: Guayaquil Advocacy group: República de Guayaquil Manabi

Proposed state: Manabi

Loja Proposed: autonomy for the Saraguro people

Napo Province, Orellana Province and Pastaza Province Ethnic group: Waorani people Proposed: autonomy for the Waorani people in Ecuador Advocacy group: Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of the Ecuadorian Amazon

Morona-Santiago Province Ethnic group: Shuar Proposed: autonomy for the Shuar in Ecuador

France

Proposed state: Republic of Amazonia or Cayenne Advocacy group: Decolonization and Social Emancipation Movement

Guyana Indigenous peoples in Guyana Proposed: autonomy for the Indigenous peoples in Guyana Political party: Amerindian People’s Association Ethnic group: Indigenous peoples in Guyana

Peru Qullasuyu Proposed state: Qullasuyu Advocacy groups: Ethnocacerism, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin, National Confederation of Peruvian Amazonian Nationalities,Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army, Pachakuti Indigenous Movement, Indian Movement Túpac Katari, National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, Students, Reservists and Laborers (ANTAURO), Union for Peru, Go on Country, Peruvian Nationalist Party, Peruvian 'Great South' Ethnic group: Aymara people South Peru

Proposed state: South Peru Advocacy Group: Front for the Defense of the Northern Cone of Arequipa (FREDICON)

Department of Loreto Proposed autonomous area: Loreto Ethnic group: Wampis

Department of Ucayali Ethnic group: Shipibo-Conibo Proposed: autonomy for the Shipibo-Conibo Advocacy group: Shipibo Konibo Xetebo Council

Department of Junín, Department of Pasco and Department of Huánuco Ethnic group: Asháninka Proposed: autonomy for the Asháninka

Venezuela

Proposed state or autonomous region: Zulia Advocacy group: Autonomous Indigenous Movement of Zulia (Movimiento Indígena Autónomo del Zulia)

Proposed state: Nueva Esparta Advocacy group: Haz que Nueva Esparta sea libre

Amazonas Ethnic group: Indigenous peoples in Venezuela Proposed: autonomy for the Indigenous peoples in the Amazonas

See also Lists of active separatist movements List of historical separatist movements

References