Rodalies de Catalunya (; "Commuter Railways of Catalonia") is the main commuter and regional rail system in the Spanish autonomous community of Catalonia. It is administered by the Government of Catalonia and operated by the national rail operator Renfe Operadora. The system consists of 17 service lines chiefly centred in the Barcelona area, serving a total of 203 stations throughout Catalonia, with an average number of 1,000 trains running on it every day. In 2016, it had an annual ridership of 117 million.

Most of the system is the precursor of several commuter and regional lines running on the Iberian gauge mainline network in Catalonia, which were formerly under the administration of the Spanish government. On , as a result of the transfer of the administration of the Cercanías commuter railway system for Barcelona, known in Catalan as Rodalies Barcelona, the system was renamed "Rodalies de Catalunya". One year later, Renfe's regional rail services within Catalonia were included in the system after their administration had also been transferred. In 2014, two new commuter rail services in Camp de Tarragona and the Girona area were created as part of the system on 20 and 24 March, respectively.

Rodalies de Catalunya, especially its Barcelona commuter railway service, has been criticised for its high number of incidents, normally resulting in regular delays, although some minor accidents involving injuries have also occurred. The Catalan government has pointed out towards poor investment in the system's infrastructure as the main cause for these. This infrastructure is managed by Adif, which is a public agency, and as such, it falls under the agency's oversight, as it belongs to the national (non-high-speed) rail infrastructure.

Current system

Barcelona commuter railway service

Rodalies de Catalunya's Barcelona commuter railway service consists of eight lines serving a large part of the Barcelona metropolitan area, even extending out of its limits in some cases. Excluding the Vic–Latour-de-Carol portion, it runs on of railway lines and has 109 stations in 77 municipalities, accounting for a population of 4.7 million. It is calculated that the service has a daily ridership of 350,000 travellers and, according to 2016 figures, an annual ridership of 108.3 million.

All lines (except line ) are centred in the city of Barcelona, where they run on two underground trunk routes. Lines and , and partly lines and , use the Meridiana Tunnel, comprising Plaça de Catalunya, Arc de Triomf, La Sagrera-Meridiana and Sant Andreu Arenal stations. Lines , and, partially, use the Aragó Tunnel, comprising Passeig de Gràcia and El Clot-Aragó stations. Both trunk routes converge at Barcelona Sants railway station, the service's main station.

Renfe created the Cercanías Barcelona/Rodalia Barcelona branding in 1979 with the aim of absorbing the traffic of passengers who enter and leave the Catalan capital every day. The system became one of the crown jewels of Renfe, however, the reality was that the network was in very poor condition and required modernisation. In 1984 Renfe was in a critical economic situation due to the high number of deficient lines, which is why it decided to close many of them, part of which were saved by the Autonomous Communities. There was a modernisation of facilities, especially in stations, to adapt to new needs. In 1989–1991 Renfe created separate business units, due to the deep reorganisation of the railways on a state level and divided the operation into commuter, medium and long distance services. In 1992 many significant works and transformations were undertaken, one of the most relevant being the removal of the tracks between Estació de França and Sant Adrià de Besòs along the northern Barcelona coastline, and the diversion of Line R1 through La Sagrera as well as the purchase of rolling stock specially designed for commuter services. By 1992 the network had been consolidated in the way we know it today.

The current system is the successor of former Renfe Operadora's Cercanías commuter railway system for Barcelona known as Rodalia Barcelona, and it has kept most of those features. Nevertheless, while all the other Cercanías systems around Spain use letter 'C' (from the Spanish word cercanías) plus a number for identifying their lines, Barcelona's commuter rail system uses letter 'R' instead (from its Catalan equivalent rodalia). As for the numbering, since Rodalies de Catalunya shares market with Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (FGC) on Barcelona's commuter railways, it can only use numbers from 1 to 10 leaving numbers 5 and 6 for FGC lines.

Since , a line named has been running between Barcelona–El Prat Airport and Barcelona's Estació de França. However, due to construction works near Barcelona Sant Andreu Comtal railway station, a "temporary" restructuring of lines R2 and R10 was implemented on ; the R10 was suspended and the R2 was divided into three different lines—R2, R2 Nord ("North") and R2 Sud ("South"). The R10 was initially scheduled to resume services two years later.

On , a restructuring of the service affecting several lines was implemented. It mainly involved the creation of new line R8, the first line ever bypassing Barcelona, and the rerouting of line R7. Before the restructuring, former line R7 ran from L'Hospitalet de Llobregat to Martorell via the Meridiana Tunnel in Barcelona's city centre and Rubí. With the rerouting, it was shortened and started to run as a shuttle line between Cerdanyola Universitat and Barcelona Sant Andreu Arenal stations. New line R8 took over the former route of line R7 between Martorell and Cerdanyola Universitat, then continuing towards Granollers Centre. Thanks to the changes applied on lines R7 and R8, it was able to increase frequencies with a train every 6 minutes and 8 minutes during rush hour on lines R1 and R4, respectively.

Typically, most trains call at all the stations on the line. Nevertheless, some trains on lines R2 Sud, R3 and R4 operate limited service and only call at certain stations. Furthermore, most trains on all lines, excepting lines R2, R7 and R8, operate partial services, being line R1 exclusively operated with partial services.

†Suspended line + Rodalies de Catalunya's Barcelona commuter rail service lines () Line Route No. ofstations Length Avg. weekday ridership Annual ridership Schedule R1 – – / – – – 31 95.1 km59.1mi 102,214 (2008) 28 million (2016) R2 – 14 133 km82.6mi 125,948 (2008) 33.6 million (2016) R2 Nord Barcelona–El Prat Airport – /Maçanet-Massanes 21 R2 Sud – – Barcelona Estació de França 17 R3 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat – / – – / – /Latour-de-Carol-Enveitg 35 161.4 km100.3mi 22,841 (2008) 6.6 million (2008) R4 Sant Vicenç de Calders – – /L'Hospitalet de Llobregat – – 40 143 km89mi 105,935 (2008) 33.4 million (2016) R7 (Martorell –) Barcelona Sant Andreu Arenal – 7 13.5 km8.4mi 8,140 (2010) 1.9 million (2010) R8 Martorell – Cerdanyola Universitat – Granollers Centre 8 40 km25mi R10† Barcelona–El Prat Airport – Barcelona Estació de França 6 22 km13.7mi — — —

Camp de Tarragona commuter railway service On , Rodalies de Catalunya began running a commuter rail service in Camp de Tarragona, a region in southern Catalonia mainly centered in the polycentric metropolitan area formed by the cities of Tarragona and Reus. At the time it started services, it was the first commuter rail service in Catalonia not centered in Barcelona. The Camp de Tarragona commuter rail service consists of two lines, which are identified by letters 'RT' (the latter referring to Tarragona) plus a number, serving a total of 13 stations. Both lines converge at Tarragona railway station and are served by stopping trains only. Currently, it does not run on weekends. Line serves as a reinforcement for regional services between Tarragona and Reus with 9 additional trains in each direction, allowing a service pattern of approximately 30 minutes during rush hour and lower to one hour during off-peak time between the two cities, combining all lines.

On the other hand, line provides a direct service between the Baix Penedès and the Costa Daurada areas. Before the creation of the line, the L'Arboç–L'Hospitalet de l'Infant route was not possible without interchanging at Sant Vicenç de Calders railway station. Although line RT2 initially ran only between L'Arboç and Cambrils, from on, some trains travel further west to L'Hospitalet de l'Infant stopping at Mont-roig del Camp.

+ Rodalies de Catalunya's Camp de Tarragona commuter rail service lines () Line Route Avg. weekday frequency No. ofstations Length Schedule RT1 – 18 trains per day 3 18.1 km11.3mi RT2 – Tarragona – – 10 trains per day 11 69.1 km42.9mi

Girona commuter railway service The Girona commuter rail service started services on , four days after the Camp de Tarragona commuter rail service did so, becoming the second commuter rail service in Catalonia not centered in Barcelona. It consists of a single 44-station line named RG1 (letter 'G' referring to Girona), which directly links the Alt Empordà, Gironès, Selva and Maresme areas. Before the RG1 started services, its route was only possible by interchanging at Maçanet-Massanes railway station. In addition, the RG1 has improved the service pattern at stations in the Girona area.

Line RG1 is actually an extension of some trains on Barcelona commuter rail service line which formerly terminated at Maçanet-Massanes. Due to this fact, line RG1's L'Hospitalet de Llobregat–Mataró section, despite not serving as a Girona-centered commuter rail line, but as a Barcelona-centered one, is included as part of the Girona commuter rail service. At the beginning, the RG1 did not run on weekends and ran exclusively between L'Hospitalet de Llobregat and Figueres. However, from on, some trains travel further north towards Portbou and additional weekend services are offered during the summer season.

+ Rodalies de Catalunya's Girona commuter rail service lines () Line Route Avg. weekday frequency No. ofstations Length Schedule RG1 – – – 16 trains per day 40 181.2 km112.6mi

Lleida commuter railway service The Lleida commuter rail service started services on , becoming the third commuter rail service in Catalonia not centered in Barcelona. It consists of five lines; two labelled RL1 and RL2 (letter 'L' referring to Lleida), which directly link Lleida with Balaguer and Àger areas, on the Lleida-La Pobla Line, operated by Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (FGC), and parts of regional lines R13 and R14 (see below), operated by Renfe Operadora. In 2024, a further two lines, RL3 and RL4, were added to the Lleida commuter rail network, linking Lleida to Cervera and Terrassa . The lines are planned to also be operated by FGC, but are temporarily operated by Renfe with Rodalies de Catalunya rolling stock.

+ Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya's Lleida commuter rail service lines () Line Route Avg. weekday frequency No. ofstations Length Schedule RL1 – 6 trains per day 6 26.1 km16.3mi RL2 – – – 6 trains per day 17 89.4 km55.9mi

+ Rodalies de Catalunya's Lleida commuter rail service lines () Line Route Avg. weekday frequency No. ofstations Length Schedule RL3 – 7 trains per day 9 56.5 km35.1mi RL4 – – – 5 trains per day 18 150.1 km93.2mi

For the regional Renfe Operadora-operated lines, see below.

Regional railway services