The Upfield line is a commuter railway line in the city of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Operated by Metro Trains Melbourne, it is the city's fifth-shortest metropolitan railway line at . The line runs from Flinders Street station in central Melbourne to Upfield station in the north, serving 19 stations via North Melbourne, Brunswick, Coburg, and Fawkner.
The line operates for approximately 19 hours a day (from approximately 05:00 to around midnight) with a 24-hour service on Friday and Saturday nights. During peak hours, headways of up to 15 minutes are operated, with services every 20–30 minutes during off-peak hours. Trains run in two three-car formations of either Comeng or Siemens Nexas sets or one six-car formation of X'Trapolis 2.0 sets.
Services on the line began in 1884 when it opened from North Melbourne to Coburg. In October 1889, it was extended to Somerton. The line beyond Coburg to Fawkner and Somerton was closed and reopened a number of times during the early-to-mid-20th century and the continued existence of the line was in serious doubt in the late 1980s and early 1990s, with proposals for it either to be converted to a light rail or fully closed. However a major infastructure upgrade in the late 1990s saw the plans for closure abandoned.
With the future of the rail line secured, and patronage growth in the 2000s, infrastructure upgrades were carried out on the line. They included replacing sleepers, upgrading signalling technology, removing level crossings, introducing new rolling stock, and improving station accessibility. The 2018 Victorian Rail Plan identified the need to reopen the line between Upfield and Somerton/Roxburgh Park, and run regional and metropolitan rail services via that route in the near future. However, there has been virtually no movement on that front since then.
History 19th century
The first part of the Coburg railway line from North Melbourne to Coburg was opened by the Governor of Victoria Henry Loch on 9 September 1884, and cost £53,000. Duplication of the line followed, starting with North Melbourne to Royal Park in September 1888, then Royal Park to South Brunswick (now Jewell) in May 1889, Brunswick to Coburg in December 1891, and South Brunswick to Brunswick in August 1892. In October 1889, the line was extended from Coburg to connect to the North East line at Somerton.
Heritage listing The former Coburg railway line was added to the Victorian Heritage Register on 23 October 1997 in recognition of its historical significance. The heritage curtail is extensive that includes seven distinct precincts that contain nineteenth century station buildings and platforms at Coburg, Moreland, Jewell, and Brunswick, substations, signal boxes, gatekeepers cabins, remnant interlocking and safe-working equipment, levers and rodding, signals, gates and industrial sidings.
20th century
Coburg - Somerton closure and reopening to Fawkner (1900–1928) The line from Coburg to Somerton closed in July 1903, but was reopened as far as Fawkner three years later in December 1906. The reopening was for funeral trains only, in conjunction with the creation of the adjacent Fawkner Cemetery. Normal passenger services were re-extended to Fawkner in 1914, and the line was electrified in December 1920. Fawkner - Somerton railmotor ("The Beetle") (1928 - 1956) In March 1928, despite strong resistance from the Railways Commissioners, the state government ordered the reopening of the section from Fawkner to Somerton for passengers. An extremely basic passenger service was provided by an AEC railmotor, which connected with electric trains at Fawkner and was nicknamed "the Beetle".
Stations were reinstated at Campbellfield and North Campbellfield, equipped with low-level platforms and basic waiting sheds. In May 1956, the line from Fawkner to Somerton was closed for the second time.
Reopening to Somerton and electrification to Upfield (1959–1970) Three years after the railmotor service to Somerton was withdrawn in 1959, the line from Fawkner to Somerton reopened again for goods trains and the electrification and suburban service was extended from Fawkner to Upfield to cater for workers at the new Ford automotive factory. In that same year, the line from Coburg to Fawkner was also duplicated.
In September 1958, Sunday evening services after 6pm withdrawn, being replaced by adjacent tram routes, particularly the North Coburg line (now Route 19). At the outer end of the railway line, a bus service was provided, connecting with trams in North Coburg. In June 1961, that arrangement was extended to apply for the whole of Sunday and, in October 1961, it was further extended to include services after 7:30pm between Mondays and Saturdays.
In January 1963, the line from Somerton to the Ford factory was re-laid as dual gauge gauntlet track, to provide a standard gauge connection with the new North East standard gauge line at Somerton. In October 1968, electric staff safeworking was introduced on the Upfield to Somerton section. However, the Upfield to Somerton section, which included four industrial sidings, has not been used for some time and is out of commission.
Proposed light rail conversion, infrastructure upgrades, CityLink and the demise of the Somerton connection (1970–1998) Automatic signalling advanced a little further along the line in August 1971, with Royal Park to Jewell being converted. In April 1972, the Macaulay to Royal Park section was similarly converted. By May 1988, serious consideration was given to proposals to convert the line to light rail, following the conversion of the St Kilda and Port Melbourne lines in 1987. A report submitted to the Cain government determined that the route suffered from low passenger numbers, redundancy with the Route 19 tram, outdated signalling systems, manned boom gates well past their prime, and that substantial investments would be required to modernise the line to meet modern standards. After discussions with local councils, unions, the public, and the Metropolitan Transit Authority, two options were floated. These options included:
The conversion of the entire line, or part of the line to light rail The closure of large amounts of the line and instead running the light rail via Sydney Road
These proposals were put to rest in April 1995, when it was announced that $23 million would be spent upgrading the line. The work included the provision of power signalling for the whole line, duplication of the line from Fawkner to Gowrie and the installation of boomgates at all level crossings (except for a few that were closed instead). At the time, many of the numerous level crossings on the line were still controlled by gatekeepers, who opened and closed the gates manually for every train. This upgrade was completed in 1998.
In 1997, the Upfield line was temporarily closed between Flemington Bridge and North Melbourne to allow for the construction of CityLink, which was built above part the existing Upfield line corridor. During this time, passengers were transported by bus from Flemington Bridge to the nearby Newmarket station, from where passengers would complete the journey into the city using the Broadmeadows line.
During the closure, trains were transferred to and from the Upfield line using the connection at Somerton. This was the last known use of the line beyond Upfield, as the section from Upfield to the Ford Sidings was booked out of use in 1997.
21st century
During the 2006 Commonwealth Games, Royal Park station played a critical role in the running of the games, as it was centrally located to the athletes village and the State Netball and Hockey Centre. The line and station became heavily utilised during the games, with increased security and staff presence at the station.
Level crossings While other lines such as the Collingwood to Clifton Hill Line incorporated bridges which spanned the streets below, the former Coburg line included an unusual amount of level crossings, particularly at its southern end between Park Street and Hope Street. The crossings were each equipped with four wooden gates and associated signals. The gates were mostly hand operated by gatekeepers who occupied the adjacent gatekeepers cabins and signal boxes. The signals were operated using the various lever systems housed within these buildings. Gates, and gatekeepers cabins or signal boxes survive at some crossings, although their positions have been modified to allow for the installation of boom gates. Most of the signals also survive, although they have been either rotated or relocated for safety reasons. Boom gates replaced some of the manually operated timber level crossing gates and signal boxes became electronically operated and from , some of the level crossings were closed; or were subsequently elevated.
Future Reopening to Somerton & Wallan extension Highlighted in the 2018 Victorian Rail Plan, a proposal exists to reopen the line from Upfield to Somerton, along with electrification and extension of suburban services to Wallan. The 2018 Victorian Rail Plan has proposed the following projects take place as part of the Wallan extension: +StageProjectNotesStage 2 (Metro Tunnel Day One)Rerouting of Seymour and Shepparton services via the Upfield line instead of the Craigieburn lineThis project was meant to be completed by the opening of the Metro Tunnel in 2025. However, as of the tunnel opening in November 2025 there hasn't been any progressStage 3Somerton to Craigieburn quadruplicationStage 4Extension of the Upfield line to Wallan
Electrifying the Somerton link Electrifying the regional track between Craigieburn and Wallan Upgrading Wallan and Donnybrook stations Constructing a new station at Lockerbie Reopening Beveridge station
Level Crossing Removals
In 2017, a level crossing was removed at Camp Road, Campbellfield by lowering the rail line underneath the road. The rail line was elevated from Coburg to Moreland stations in 2020 to remove four level crossings. Crossings were removed at Bell Street, Moreland Road, Munro Street, and Reynard Street, with both Coburg and Moreland stations rebuilt as part of these removals.
Eight further level crossings between Anstey and Royal Park stations are planned to be removed by 2033, at Albert Street, Albion Street, Brunswick Road, Dawson Street, Hope Street, Union Street, Victoria Street, and Park Street. At the end of these removals, the Upfield line will have 10 remaining crossings not slated for removal. As part of this project, Jewell, Brunswick and Anstey stations are set to be closed and replaced by two new stations: the new northern station is currently planned to be located near Hope Street, approximately 200 metres south of the current Anstey station, and the new southern station is planned to be located between Union Street and Dawson Street, approximately 200 metres north of the current Jewell station. Both stations will be approximately 450 metres away from the current Brunswick station.
The decision to build two stations in different locations instead of rebuilding all three generated criticism from residents and the local council. Local newspaper Brunswick Voice reported that the Minister for Transport Infrastructure, Danny Pearson, claimed "the decision to build two stations followed 18 months of technical and engineering assessments which found fewer stations would boost capacity on the line in the future and deliver more open space", noting that "[the government claimed] the plan would also minimise the impact to heritage in the area, but [the politician] provided no detail about whether the three station buildings and the historic boom gate operators' cabins would be preserved".
Upfield line duplication