Adson is a surname and a given name. Notable people with these names include:
Surname Alfred Washington Adson (1887–1951), American doctor (Adson's sign is named after him) Artur Adson (1889–1977), Estonian poet, writer and theatre critic John Adson (c. 1587–1640), English musician and composer
Given name Adson Alves da Silva (born 1982), known as Tinho, Brazilian football striker Adson (footballer, born 2000), Adson Ferreira Soares, Brazilian football attacking midfielder for Vasco da Gama Adson (footballer, born 2001), Adsonnaldo Ferreira Nascimento, Brazilian football winger for Fluminense-PI