A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Thursday, September 21, 1922, with a magnitude of 1.0678. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2 hours after perigee (on September 21, 1922, at 6:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger. Perigee did occur as the eclipse was past its greatest eclipse.
Totality started in Ethiopia, Italian Somaliland (today's Somalia), and passed British Maldives and Christmas Island in the Straits Settlements (now in Australia) in the Indian Ocean, and Australia. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of East Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, and Oceania.
Observations Observations of the total solar eclipse of May 29, 1919 got results consistent with gravitational lens proposed by Einstein's general relativity. To reconfirm the result, observatories in South Australia and New South Wales each organized a large scientific expedition. A total of 20 teams went to sparsely populated Wallal on the northern coast of Western Australia. Among them, the American team from the Lick Observatory arrived in Sydney on August 5, took a train westward and arrived in Perth on August 16. The team took a ship on August 20 from Fremantle, a port southwest of Perth, to Broome, and then finally arrived at Wallal. Although not organizing any observations, the Australian government provided financial support to the teams. For example, the round-trip travel expenses between Sydney and Wallal were paid by the federal government.
Eclipse details Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the Moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.
+September 21, 1922 Solar Eclipse Times Event Time (UTC) First Penumbral External Contact 1922 September 21 at 02:04:28.6 UTC First Umbral External Contact 1922 September 21 at 02:58:45.3 UTC First Central Line 1922 September 21 at 03:00:06.4 UTC First Umbral Internal Contact 1922 September 21 at 03:01:27.5 UTC First Penumbral Internal Contact 1922 September 21 at 03:57:50.9 UTC Ecliptic Conjunction 1922 September 21 at 04:38:20.9 UTC Greatest Duration 1922 September 21 at 04:40:07.8 UTC Greatest Eclipse 1922 September 21 at 04:40:31.1 UTC Equatorial Conjunction 1922 September 21 at 04:47:31.9 UTC Last Penumbral Internal Contact 1922 September 21 at 05:23:00.2 UTC Last Umbral Internal Contact 1922 September 21 at 06:19:29.4 UTC Last Central Line 1922 September 21 at 06:20:50.6 UTC Last Umbral External Contact 1922 September 21 at 06:22:11.7 UTC Last Penumbral External Contact 1922 September 21 at 07:16:30.2 UTC
+September 21, 1922 Solar Eclipse Parameters Parameter Value Eclipse Magnitude 1.06783 Eclipse Obscuration 1.14026 Gamma −0.21299 Sun Right Ascension 11h50m29.6s Sun Declination +01°01'49.3" Sun Semi-Diameter 15'56.0" Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.8" Moon Right Ascension 11h50m13.7s Moon Declination +00°49'23.8" Moon Semi-Diameter 16'43.8" Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 1°01'24.1" ΔT 22.8 s
Eclipse season
This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
+ Eclipse season of September–October 1922 September 21Ascending node (new moon) October 6Descending node (full moon) Annular solar eclipseSolar Saros 133 Penumbral lunar eclipseLunar Saros 145
Related eclipses Eclipses in 1922 A penumbral lunar eclipse on March 13. An annular solar eclipse on March 28. A penumbral lunar eclipse on April 11. A total solar eclipse on September 21. A penumbral lunar eclipse on October 6.
Metonic Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 3, 1918 Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 9, 1926
Tzolkinex Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 10, 1915 Followed by: Solar eclipse of November 1, 1929
Half-Saros Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of September 15, 1913 Followed by: Lunar eclipse of September 26, 1931
Tritos Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 22, 1911 Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 21, 1933
Solar Saros 133 Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 9, 1904 Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 1, 1940
Inex Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 9, 1893 Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 1, 1951
Triad Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 20, 1835 Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009
Solar eclipses of 1921–1924
Saros 133
Metonic series
Tritos series
Inex series
References
External links
Fotos of Solar Corona September 21, 1922
1922 Solar Eclipse in Australia Wallal: The 1922 Eclipse Expedition Photographs from the Wallal Australia expedition from the Lick Observatory Records Digital Archive, UC Santa Cruz Library's Digital Collections